Berlinguer is a surname originating in Catalan language (while the name itself has Frankish and Lombardic origins) now found mainly in Italy (especially in Sardinia, in Sassarese territory). Notable people with the name include:

• Bianca Berlinguer (born 1959), journalist, daughter of Enrico
• Enrico Berlinguer (1922–1984), Italian Communist Party leader
• Giovanni Berlinguer (1924–2015), Italian Democrats of the Left politician, son of Mario and brother of Enrico
• Giuliana Berlinguer (1933–2014), Italian film director
• Luigi Berlinguer (born 1932), politician, brother of Sergio and cousin of Enrico
• Mario Berlinguer (1891–1969), Italian lawyer and politician from Sardinia, father of Enrico and Giovanni
• Sergio Berlinguer (1934–2021), Italian diplomat, brother of Luigi and cousin of Enrico