ICELAND - ترجمة إلى العربية
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ICELAND - ترجمة إلى العربية

NORDIC ISLAND COUNTRY IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
ISO 3166-1:IS; Ísland; Iceland (island); The Republic of Iceland; Republic of Iceland; Icealnd; Lýðveldið ísland; Ice-land; Ice land; Lydveldid island; Icedland; ICELAND; Icelandic republic; Biodiversity in Iceland; Bókatíðindi; Bokatidindi
  • Capital Region]]. Most rural towns are based on the fishing industry, which provides 40% of Iceland's exports.
  • The [[Arctic fox]] is the only indigenous land mammal in Iceland and was the only land mammal before the arrival of humans.
  • Trapped]]''
  • Sigurður]] second from the left
  • The Prime Minister of Iceland meets with the [[First Minister of Scotland]] [[Nicola Sturgeon]] at [[Bute House]] in 2019.
  • [[Björk]], the best-known Icelandic musician
  • ''Ósvör'', a replica of an old fishing outpost outside [[Bolungarvík]]
  • The erupting [[Geysir]] in [[Haukadalur]] valley, the oldest known [[geyser]] in the world
  • frameless
  • Iceland fans at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]] in Russia
  • A map of Iceland published in the early 17th century by [[Gerardus Mercator]]
  • 6}} led the British [[invasion of Iceland]].
  • Handball]] is considered Iceland's national sport.<ref name=handball/>
  • [[Gullfoss]], an iconic waterfall of Iceland
  • [[Köppen climate classification]] types of Iceland
  • A proportional representation of Iceland's exports, 2019
  • Iceland electricity production by source
  • High-field overview of the area around Reykir
  • Three typical Icelandic landscapes
  • [[Ingólfr Arnarson]] (modern Icelandic: ''Ingólfur Arnarson''), the first permanent Scandinavian settler
  • frameless
  • Commonwealth]] in session at [[Þingvellir]]
  • Life expectancy in Iceland, 1838 to 2021
  • General topographic map
  • gymnasium]] in Iceland.
  • A page of [[Njáls saga]] from [[Möðruvallabók]]. The sagas are a significant part of the Icelandic heritage.
  • url-status=dead }}</ref>
  • Norsemen landing in Iceland – a 19th-century depiction by [[Oscar Wergeland]]
  • The political system of Iceland
  • Capital Region]] which, with a population of 233,034, makes for 64% of Iceland's population. (Numbers from 2020)
  • Selfoss]]
  • Third Cod War]]
  • A church in the northwest of Iceland
  • ''[[Þingvellir]]'' by [[Þórarinn B. Þorláksson]]
  • A typical [[Þorramatur]] assortment
  • [[2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests]]

ICELAND         

ألاسم

أَيِسْلَنْدَا

Iceland         
أيسلندا
Iceland         
اسْم : دولة أَيسْلَندا

تعريف

Iceland spar
·- A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. ·cf. Calcite.

ويكيبيديا

Iceland

Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland, pronounced [ˈistlant] (listen)) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the population. Iceland is the largest part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate.

According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabókcode: isl promoted to code: is , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, immigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.

The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the native parliament, the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Iceland thus followed Norway's integration into that union, coming under Danish rule after Sweden seceded from the union in 1523. The Danish kingdom forcefully introduced Lutheranism to Iceland in 1550.

Influenced by ideals of nationalism after the French Revolution, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union in 1918, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Iceland, sharing through a personal union the incumbent monarch of Denmark. During the occupation of Denmark in World War II, Iceland voted overwhelmingly to become a republic in 1944, thus ending the remaining formal ties with Denmark. Although the Althing was suspended from 1799 to 1845, the island republic has nevertheless been credited with sustaining the world's oldest and longest-running parliament.

Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture. Industrialization of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity, and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. It became a part of the European Economic Area in 1994; this further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.

Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries, as well as the highest trade union membership in the world. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, education, protection of civil liberties, government transparency, and economic freedom.

Icelandic culture is founded upon the nation's Scandinavian heritage. Most Icelanders are descendants of Norse and Gaelic settlers. Icelandic, a North Germanic language, is descended from Old West Norse and is closely related to Faroese. The country's cultural heritage includes traditional Icelandic cuisine, Icelandic literature, and medieval sagas. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, with a lightly armed coast guard.

أمثلة من مجموعة نصية لـ٪ 1
1. REYKJAVIK, Iceland –– A strong earthquake has shaken southern Iceland.
2. Iceland has no military forces." Officials in the United States and Iceland said they are unsure what the continued defense of Iceland would look like, though they hinted that NATO could have a presence.
3. Iceland arrest A 33–year–old Albanian national, accused of killing a fellow countryman in the Athenian district of Ampelokipi, was detained in Iceland yesterday.
4. He moved to Iceland after being granted citizenship in 2005.
5. In March 2005 Iceland invited Fischer to live there.