Atyrau (Kazakh: Атырау, Atyrau, pronounced [ɑtəˈrɑw] (listen); Russian: Атырау, pronounced [ɐtɨˈraʊ]), known until 1991 as Guryev (Russian: Гурьев, pronounced [ˈɡurʲjɪf]), is a city in Kazakhstan and the capital of Atyrau Region. Atyrau is a transcontinental city, at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea, between Europe and Asia, 2,700 kilometres (1,700 miles) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres (218 miles) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan.

Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries. It has a population of 355,117 as of 2020. It is predominantly made up of Kazakhs, the minorities being Russians, Koreans, Tatars and Uzbeks.