Peripheral Component Interconnect - definition. What is Peripheral Component Interconnect
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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف

LOCAL COMPUTER BUS FOR ATTACHING HARDWARE DEVICES
PCI bus; Mini PCI; PCI card; MiniPCI; PCI bridge; Peripheral component interconnect; Minipci; PCI (bus); PCI slot; PCI Conventional; Conventional PCI; PCI local bus; PCI cards; PCI Local Bus; Mini-PCI; PCI Local; Mini PCI Type IIIA; Mini PCI Type IIIB; PCI 1.0; PCI 2.0; PCI 2.1; PCI 2.2; PCI 2.3; PCI 3.0
  • 64-bit SCSI card working in a 32-bit PCI slot
  • A typical 32-bit, 5 V-only PCI card, in this case, a [[SCSI]] adapter from [[Adaptec]]
  • A PCI-X [[Gigabit Ethernet]] expansion card with both 5 V and 3.3 V support notches, side B toward the camera
  • PCI-to-MiniPCI converter Type III
  •  Mini PCI [[Wi-Fi]] card Type IIIB
  • MiniPCI and MiniPCI Express cards in comparison
  • A Mini PCI slot
  • A semi-inserted PCI-X card in a 32-bit PCI slot, illustrating the need for the rightmost notch and the extra room on the motherboard to remain backward compatible
  • Diagram showing the different key positions for 32-bit and 64-bit PCI cards
  • A motherboard with two 32-bit PCI slots and two sizes of PCI Express slots
  • A PCI [[POST card]] that displays [[power-on self-test]] (POST) numbers during BIOS startup

Peripheral Component Interconnect         
<hardware> (PCI) A standard for connecting peripherals to a personal computer, designed by Intel and released around Autumn 1993. PCI is supported by most major manufacturers including Apple Computer. It is technically far superior to VESA's local bus. It runs at 20 - 33 MHz and carries 32 bits at a time over a 124-pin connector or 64 bits over a 188-pin connector. An address is sent in one cycle followed by one word of data (or several in burst mode). PCI is used in systems based on Pentium, Pentium Pro, {AMD 5x86}, AMD K5 and AMD K6 processors, in some DEC Alpha and PowerPC systems, and probably Cyrix 586 and {Cyrix 686} systems. However, it is processor independent and so can work with other processor architectures as well. Technically, PCI is not a bus but a bridge or mezzanine. It includes buffers to decouple the CPU from relatively slow peripherals and allow them to operate asynchronously. (1997-12-07)
PCI slot         
<hardware> A connector on Peripheral Component Interconnect and the associated physical space occupied by the installed PCI card. (1997-12-07)
PCI bus         

ويكيبيديا

Peripheral Component Interconnect

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any given processor's native bus. Devices connected to the PCI bus appear to a bus master to be connected directly to its own bus and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. It is a parallel bus, synchronous to a single bus clock. Attached devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard (called a planar device in the PCI specification) or an expansion card that fits into a slot. The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles, where it displaced the combination of several slow Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) slots and one fast VESA Local Bus (VLB) slot as the bus configuration. It has subsequently been adopted for other computer types. Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) or serial, TV tuner cards and hard disk drive host adapters. PCI video cards replaced ISA and VLB cards until rising bandwidth needs outgrew the abilities of PCI. The preferred interface for video cards then became Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), a superset of PCI, before giving way to PCI Express.

The first version of PCI found in retail desktop computers was a 32-bit bus using a 33 MHz bus clock and 5 V signalling, although the PCI 1.0 standard provided for a 64-bit variant as well. These have one locating notch in the card. Version 2.0 of the PCI standard introduced 3.3 V slots, physically distinguished by a flipped physical connector to prevent accidental insertion of 5 V cards. Universal cards, which can operate on either voltage, have two notches. Version 2.1 of the PCI standard introduced optional 66 MHz operation. A server-oriented variant of PCI, PCI Extended (PCI-X) operated at frequencies up to 133 MHz for PCI-X 1.0 and up to 533 MHz for PCI-X 2.0. An internal connector for laptop cards, called Mini PCI, was introduced in version 2.2 of the PCI specification. The PCI bus was also adopted for an external laptop connector standard – the CardBus. The first PCI specification was developed by Intel, but subsequent development of the standard became the responsibility of the PCI Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG).

PCI and PCI-X sometimes are referred to as either Parallel PCI or Conventional PCI to distinguish them technologically from their more recent successor PCI Express, which adopted a serial, lane-based architecture. PCI's heyday in the desktop computer market was approximately 1995 to 2005. PCI and PCI-X have become obsolete for most purposes; however in 2020 they are still common on modern desktops for the purposes of backward compatibility and the low relative cost to produce. Another common modern application of parallel PCI is in industrial PCs, where many specialized expansion cards, used here, never transitioned to PCI Express, just as with some ISA cards. Many kinds of devices formerly available on PCI expansion cards are now commonly integrated onto motherboards or available in USB and PCI Express versions.