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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف
X-Ray (Amazon Kindle)
AMAZON KINDLE REFERENCE TOOL
X-Ray is a reference tool, introduced in September 2011, that is incorporated in the Amazon Kindle Touch and later models, Kindle Fire tablets, Kindle apps for mobile platforms, Fire Phones, and Fire TVs. General reference information is preloaded into a small file on the Kindle device or app, so that when the feature is used, there is no need to access the Internet to access such content as dictionary, encyclopedic, or metadata entries, or information about actors featured in a film.
Fire Tablet
![The [[iPad]] (left) compared with the Kindle Fire (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wikipedia Kindle Fire & iPad 1439.JPG?width=200 "The [[iPad]] (left) compared with the Kindle Fire (right)")
![The Kindle Fire (left) compared with the [[iPod Touch]] (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wikipedia Kindle Fire & iPod 1441.JPG?width=200 "The Kindle Fire (left) compared with the [[iPod Touch]] (right)")
![The Kindle Fire (left) compared with the [[iPad Mini]] (center) and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)]] (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1st gen Comparison iPad Mini & Google Nexus 7 & Kindle Fire Wikipedia screen 03 2013 6262.jpg?width=200 "The Kindle Fire (left) compared with the [[iPad Mini]] (center) and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)]] (right)")
COLOR-GRAPHICS TABLET VERSION OF THE KINDLE DEVELOPED BY AMAZON.COM
Amazon Fire tablet; Kindle fire; Amazon Kindle Fire; GameCircle; Kindle Fire (2nd generation); Amazon fire; Amazon Fire Tablet; Kindle Fire; Fire (tablet); Fire tablet
Lawh-i-Qad-Ihtaraqa'l-Mukhlisun, better known as the Fire Tablet, is a tablet written in Arabic by Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith, in Akká in 1871. Baháʼu'lláh wrote the tablet in response to questions by a Baháʼí believer from Iran.
X-ray crystallography
![Model of the arrangement of water molecules in ice, revealing the [[hydrogen bond]]s (1) that hold the solid together.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3D model hydrogen bonds in water.svg?width=200 "Model of the arrangement of water molecules in ice, revealing the [[hydrogen bond]]s (1) that hold the solid together.")
![The incoming beam (coming from upper left) causes each scatterer to re-radiate a small portion of its intensity as a spherical wave. If scatterers are arranged symmetrically with a separation ''d'', these spherical waves will be in sync (add constructively) only in directions where their path-length difference 2''d'' sin θ equals an integer multiple of the [[wavelength]] λ. In that case, part of the incoming beam is deflected by an angle 2θ, producing a ''reflection'' spot in the [[diffraction pattern]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bragg diffraction 2.svg?width=200 "The incoming beam (coming from upper left) causes each scatterer to re-radiate a small portion of its intensity as a spherical wave. If scatterers are arranged symmetrically with a separation ''d'', these spherical waves will be in sync (add constructively) only in directions where their path-length difference 2''d'' sin θ equals an integer multiple of the [[wavelength]] λ. In that case, part of the incoming beam is deflected by an angle 2θ, producing a ''reflection'' spot in the [[diffraction pattern]].")
![tetrahedrally]] and held together by single [[covalent bond]]s, making it strong in all directions. By contrast, graphite is composed of stacked sheets. Within the sheet, the bonding is covalent and has hexagonal symmetry, but there are no covalent bonds between the sheets, making graphite easy to cleave into flakes.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diamond and graphite2.jpg?width=200 "tetrahedrally]] and held together by single [[covalent bond]]s, making it strong in all directions. By contrast, graphite is composed of stacked sheets. Within the sheet, the bonding is covalent and has hexagonal symmetry, but there are no covalent bonds between the sheets, making graphite easy to cleave into flakes.")
![backbone]] from its N-terminus to its C-terminus.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Myoglobin.png?width=200 "backbone]] from its N-terminus to its C-terminus.")
![Rocknest]]", October 17, 2012).<ref name="NASA-20121030" />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PIA16217-MarsCuriosityRover-1stXRayView-20121017.jpg?width=200 "Rocknest]]\", October 17, 2012).<ref name=\"NASA-20121030\" />")
![A protein crystal seen under a [[microscope]]. Crystals used in X-ray crystallography may be smaller than a millimeter across.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Protein crystal.jpg?width=200 "A protein crystal seen under a [[microscope]]. Crystals used in X-ray crystallography may be smaller than a millimeter across.")
TECHNIQUE USED FOR DETERMINING THE ATOMIC OR MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A CRYSTAL, IN WHICH THE ORDERED ATOMS CAUSE A BEAM OF INCIDENT X-RAYS TO DIFFRACT INTO SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS
X-ray structure; X-Ray Crystallography; X-Ray Diffraction Pattern; X ray diffraction; X-ray diffraction analysis; Crystallography, x-ray; Protein Crystallography; Protein crystallography; Xray crystallography; Xray Crystallography; X-ray Crystallography; X-ray crystalography; Crystallographic resolution; Laue diffraction; X-ray diffraction; History of X-ray crystallography; X ray crystallography; X-ray single-crystal analysis; X-ray crystal structure; Single-crystal X-ray crystallography; X-ray crystallographer; Laue method; X-ray diffraction crystallography; Single-crystal X-ray diffraction; X-ray structural analysis
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture of the density of electrons within the crystal.
ويكيبيديا
X-Ray (Amazon Kindle)
X-Ray is a reference tool, introduced in September 2011, that is incorporated in the Amazon Kindle Touch and later models, Kindle Fire tablets, Kindle apps for mobile platforms, Fire Phones, and Fire TVs. General reference information is preloaded into a small file on the Kindle device or app, so that when the feature is used, there is no need to access the Internet to access such content as dictionary, encyclopedic, or metadata entries, or information about actors featured in a film.
