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%ما هو (من)٪ 1 - تعريف

32-bit File Access

Reporter's privilege

LIMITED RIGHT FOR JOURNALISTS TO WITHHOLD SOURCES

Reporter privilege; Journalist privilege; Journalist's privilege; Journalists' privilege; Reporters' Privilege; Journalist shield law; Reporters' privilege

Reporter's privilege in the United States (also journalist's privilege, newsman's privilege, or press privilege), is a "reporter's protection under constitutional or statutory law, from being compelled to testify about confidential information or sources."Black's Law Dictionary, West Publishing-Thomson Reuters (9th ed.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter's_privilege

Priest–penitent privilege

SECRECY OF RELIGIOUS CONFESSIONS IN LAW

Clergy-penitent privilege; Confessional privilege; Priest-penitent privilege; Clergy–penitent privilege

The clergy–penitent privilege, clergy privilege, confessional privilege, priest–penitent privilege, pastor–penitent privilege, clergyman–communicant privilege, or ecclesiastical privilege, is a rule of evidence that forbids judicial inquiry into certain communications (spoken or otherwise) between clergy and members of their congregation. This rule recognises certain communication as privileged and not subject to otherwise obligatory disclosure; for example, this often applies to communications between lawyers and clients.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest–penitent_privilege

White privilege

SOCIETAL PRIVILEGE BASED ON SKIN LIGHTNESS

White skin privilege; White privilege as an underlying covert social norm; White Privilege; White Privelage; White privilege (sociology); White privilege in the United States; White Victimhood; White privilege in Australia; Fragility (cultural studies); Pākehā privilege; White victimhood; White privilege in South Africa; White privilege in Africa; White privilege in Asia; White privilege in New Zealand; White privilege in South Korea

White privilege, or white skin privilege, is the societal privilege that benefits white people over non-white people in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, or economic circumstances. With roots in European colonialism and imperialism, and the Atlantic slave trade, white privilege has developed in circumstances that have broadly sought to protect white racial privileges, various national citizenships, and other rights or special benefits.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_privilege

ويكيبيديا

32-bit file access

32-bit file access refers to the higher performance, protected mode disk caching method introduced in Windows for Workgroups 3.11, which replaced SmartDrive (Smartdrv). It bypassed MS-DOS and directly accessed the disk, either via the BIOS or (preferably) 32-bit disk access (Windows-native protected mode disk drivers). This feature was a backport from the then-unreleased Windows 95, as suggested by Microsoft's advertisements for Windows for Workgroups 3.11 ("the 32-bit file system from our Chicago project").

With the introduction of 32-bit file access and Long File Names in Windows 95, DOS was reduced to the role of a boot loader for Windows. However, it was still possible to boot Windows 95 into a pure real-mode DOS system mode.

It was implemented using the VFAT, VCACHE, and IFSMgr VxD drivers.

Also, it should not be confused with 32-bit disk access. Although both technologies are similar, 32-bit disk access (also known as FastDisk) pre-dates Windows for Workgroups 3.11. 32-bit file access provided a 32-bit code path for Windows to directly access the disk bus by intercepting the MS-DOS Int 21H services while remaining in 386 protected mode, rather than handling the Int 21H services in real mode by MS-DOS. 32-bit disk access offers relatively less performance and is less likely to work on many computers than 32-bit file access. 32-bit file access does not need 32-bit disk access.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit file access