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Was (wer) ist hypermethylation - definition
![The methylation reaction catalyzed by [[methionine synthase]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VitaminB12 2.png?width=200 "The methylation reaction catalyzed by [[methionine synthase]]")
![An algorithm to find functional [[DNA methylation]] in cancer cells](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Algorithm.png?width=200 "An algorithm to find functional [[DNA methylation]] in cancer cells")
![Methylation of cytosine to 5- methylcytosine: [[DNA methylation]] is the addition of a [[methyl]] group to the DNA that happens at [[cytosine]]. The image shows a cytosine single ring base and a methyl group added on to the 5 carbon. In mammals, DNA methylation occurs almost exclusively at cytosine chains that are followed by [[guanine]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CytosineMethylation.png?width=200 "Methylation of cytosine to 5- methylcytosine: [[DNA methylation]] is the addition of a [[methyl]] group to the DNA that happens at [[cytosine]]. The image shows a cytosine single ring base and a methyl group added on to the 5 carbon. In mammals, DNA methylation occurs almost exclusively at cytosine chains that are followed by [[guanine]].")
![[[Epigenetic]] alterations in tumor progression: Epigenetic mistakes are clinically relevant is because they progress over time. The image starts with normal tissue and progresses all the way to [[metastasis]]. The global level of methylation decreases as one progresses from normal tissue to metastatic tissue. However, methylation at some [[CpG islands]] increases in density. One might be able to use these methylation markers to detect whether a tissue is cancerous or metastatic.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Epigenetic alterations in tumour progression.svg?width=200 "[[Epigenetic]] alterations in tumor progression: Epigenetic mistakes are clinically relevant is because they progress over time. The image starts with normal tissue and progresses all the way to [[metastasis]]. The global level of methylation decreases as one progresses from normal tissue to metastatic tissue. However, methylation at some [[CpG islands]] increases in density. One might be able to use these methylation markers to detect whether a tissue is cancerous or metastatic.")
Wikipedia
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and the biological sciences.
In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also one method for reducing certain histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
