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Etymologie

Was (wer) ist ordinary ray - definition

OPTICAL PHENOMENON

Double refraction; Birefringent; Ordinary ray; Extraordinary ray; Ordinary Ray; Trirefringence; Extraordinary wave; Ordinary wave; O-ray; Double Refraction; Bifringence; Optical anisotropy; Uniaxial crystal; Extraordinary polarization; Ordinary polarization; Slow ray; Fast ray; Birefringent crystal; Negative birefringence; Uniaxial crystals; Electrically controlled birefringence; Birefraction

$Doubly refracted image as seen through a calcite crystal, seen through a rotating polarizing filter illustrating the opposite polarization states of the two images.$
$A [[calcite]] crystal laid upon a graph paper with blue lines showing the double refraction$
$refraction]] on entering and exiting the crystal.$

ordinary ray

¦ noun Optics (in double refraction) the light ray that obeys the ordinary laws of refraction.

double refraction

¦ noun Physics division of a single incident light ray into two separate rays in an anisotropic medium.

Ordinary (church officer)

AN OFFICER OF A CHURCH OR CIVIC AUTHORITY WHO BY REASON OF OFFICE HAS ORDINARY POWER TO EXECUTE LAWS

Hierarch; Hierarchs; Ruling bishop; Local bishop; Local ordinary; Ordinary (Catholic Church); Officers, Church; Church Officers; Church officers; Church officer; Ordinary (officer); Ruling hierarch

An ordinary (from Latin ordinarius) is an officer of a church or civic authority who by reason of office has ordinary power to execute laws.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_(church_officer)

Wikipedia

Birefringence

Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with non-cubic crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.

Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. In the 19th century Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarization (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector). Parametric down-conversion is a phenomenon similar to birefringence arising in nonlinear crystals in the presence of an electromagnetic field.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence