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Was (wer) ist thyroid - definition
![Goat affected by a [[goitre]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The thyroid gland in health and disease (1917) (14780977681).jpg?width=200 "Goat affected by a [[goitre]]")
![Child affected by [[Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome]], associated with a lack of iodine.<ref>The thyroid gland in health and disease Year: 1917 [[Robert McCarrison]]</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The thyroid gland in health and disease (1917) (14780980651).jpg?width=200 "Child affected by [[Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome]], associated with a lack of iodine.<ref>The thyroid gland in health and disease Year: 1917 [[Robert McCarrison]]</ref>")
![coin dating from 431 to 424 BCE]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thespiae 431-424 BC.jpg?width=200 "coin dating from 431 to 424 BCE]].")
![endothelial]] cells](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thyroid-histology.jpg?width=200 "endothelial]] cells")
![tyrosyl]] residues in its protein chain (in total containing approximately 120 tyrosyl residues).
<br>- In ''conjugation'', adjacent tyrosyl residues are paired together.
<br>- The entire complex re-enters the follicular cell by [[endocytosis]].
<br>- [[Proteolysis]] by various [[protease]]s liberates [[thyroxine]] and [[triiodothyronine]] molecules, which enters the blood by largely unknown mechanisms.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thyroid hormone synthesis.png?width=200 "tyrosyl]] residues in its protein chain (in total containing approximately 120 tyrosyl residues).
<br>- In ''conjugation'', adjacent tyrosyl residues are paired together.
<br>- The entire complex re-enters the follicular cell by [[endocytosis]].
<br>- [[Proteolysis]] by various [[protease]]s liberates [[thyroxine]] and [[triiodothyronine]] molecules, which enters the blood by largely unknown mechanisms.")
Wikipedia
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is in the neck and consists of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the thyroid. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam's apple. Microscopically, the functional unit of the thyroid gland is the spherical thyroid follicle, lined with follicular cells (thyrocytes), and occasional parafollicular cells that surround a lumen containing colloid. The thyroid gland secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) – and a peptide hormone, calcitonin. The thyroid hormones influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis and growth and development in children. Calcitonin plays a role in calcium homeostasis. Secretion of the two thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland. TSH is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which is produced by the hypothalamus.
Thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), thyroid enlargement (goitre), thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is the autoimmune disorder Graves' disease. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a deficient secretion of thyroid hormones: the most common cause is iodine deficiency. In iodine-deficient regions, hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in children. In iodine-sufficient regions, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune disorder Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
