hafnium$33417$ - ορισμός. Τι είναι το hafnium$33417$
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Τι (ποιος) είναι hafnium$33417$ - ορισμός

CHEMICAL COMPOUND
Hafnium oxide; HfO2; Hafnium dioxide

Hafnium (group)         
CHINESE CYBER ESPIONAGE GROUP
HAFNIUM (group)
Hafnium (sometimes styled HAFNIUM) is a cyber espionage group, sometimes known as an advanced persistent threat, with alleged ties to the Chinese government. Hafnium is closely connected to APT40.
Hafnium controversy         
  • Experiment producing IGE from a sample of the nuclear isomer <sup>178m2</sup>Hf. (left to right) Students on duty; (w/ladder) the world's most stable beamline for monochromatic X-rays, BL01B1; (rt.) main ring of the SPring-8 synchrotron at Hyogo.
DEBATE OVER THE POSSIBILITY OF TRIGGERING RAPID ENERGY RELEASES, VIA GAMMA RAY EMISSION, FROM HAFNIUM-178M2, AS REPORTED BY CARL COLLINS IN 1998
User:Drac2000/Induced gamma emission: Hafnium-178m2; Induced gamma emission: Hafnium controversy; Hafnium-178m2
The hafnium controversy is a debate over the possibility of 'triggering' rapid energy releases, via gamma ray emission, from a nuclear isomer of hafnium, 178m2Hf. The energy release is potentially 5 orders of magnitude (100,000 times) more energetic than a chemical reaction, but 2 orders of magnitude less than a nuclear fission reaction.
Induced gamma emission         
  • [[hafnium]] crystalline bar
  • Energetics of IGE from <sup>115</sup>In. Arrows are photons, (up) absorption, (down) emission. Horizontal lines represent excited states of In involved in IGE.
BOMBARDING ATOMIC NUCLEI TO GIVE OFF VERY SHORT-WAVELENGTH LIGHT
Hafnium bomb; Isomer bomb; Induced gamma radiation
In physics, induced gamma emission (IGE) refers to the process of fluorescent emission of gamma rays from excited nuclei, usually involving a specific nuclear isomer. It is analogous to conventional fluorescence, which is defined as the emission of a photon (unit of light) by an excited electron in an atom or molecule.

Βικιπαίδεια

Hafnium(IV) oxide

Hafnium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfO
2
. Also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, this colourless solid is one of the most common and stable compounds of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. Hafnium dioxide is an intermediate in some processes that give hafnium metal.

Hafnium(IV) oxide is quite inert. It reacts with strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and with strong bases. It dissolves slowly in hydrofluoric acid to give fluorohafnate anions. At elevated temperatures, it reacts with chlorine in the presence of graphite or carbon tetrachloride to give hafnium tetrachloride.