mandatory provisions - ορισμός. Τι είναι το mandatory provisions
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Τι (ποιος) είναι mandatory provisions - ορισμός

MINIMUM PENALTIES FOR CRIMES
Mandatory sentence; Minimum sentencing guidelines; Minimum mandatory; Minimum mandatory sentence; Minimum mandatory sentencing; Min-man; Mandatory life sentence; Mandatory minimum; Mandatory minimum sentencing; Manditory sentencing; Mandatory minimum sentence; Minimum sentence; Mandatory minimum sentences; Mandatory minima; Mandatory minimums; Minimum term; Mandatory minimum penalties; Mandatory death sentence; Mandatory death penalty; Mandatory prison sentence; Mandatory jail sentence; Mandatory incarceration; Mandatory capital punishment; Mandatory penalties; Boggs Act; Mandatory prison sentences; Mandatory sentences; History of mandatory sentencing in the United States; Criticism of mandatory sentencing; Mandatory imprisonment; Arguments for and against mandatory sentencing; Mandatory minimum prison sentence

Mandatory sentencing         
Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses. Judges are bound by law; these sentences are produced through the legislature, not the judicial system.
Mandatory retirement         
SET AGE AT WHICH PEOPLE WHO HOLD CERTAIN JOBS OR OFFICES ARE REQUIRED BY INDUSTRY CUSTOM OR BY LAW TO LEAVE THEIR EMPLOYMENT, OR RETIRE
Mandatory retirement age; Compulsory retirement; Enforced retirement
Mandatory retirement also known as forced retirement, enforced retirement or compulsory retirement, is the set age at which people who hold certain jobs or offices are required by industry custom or by law to leave their employment, or retire.
Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act 1937         
ACT OF THE OIREACHTAS NO. 20 OF 1937
Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act; Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937
The Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937 was an Act of the Oireachtas which retrospectively completed the abolition of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

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Mandatory sentencing

Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses. Judges are bound by law; these sentences are produced through the legislature, not the judicial system. They are instituted to expedite the sentencing process and limit the possibility of irregularity of outcomes due to judicial discretion. Mandatory sentences are typically given to people who are convicted of certain serious and/or violent crimes, and require a prison sentence. Mandatory sentencing laws vary across nations; they are more prevalent in common law jurisdictions because civil law jurisdictions usually prescribe minimum and maximum sentences for every type of crime in explicit laws.

Mandatory sentencing laws often target "moral vices" (such as alcohol, sex, drugs) and crimes that threaten a person's livelihood. The idea is that there are some crimes that are so heinous, there is no way to accept the offender back into the general population without first punishing them sufficiently. Some crimes are viewed as serious enough to require an indefinite removal from society by a life sentence, or sometimes capital punishment. It is viewed as a public service to separate these people from the general population, as it is assumed that the nature of the crime or the frequency of violation supersedes the subjective opinion of a judge. Remedying the irregularities in sentencing that arise from judicial discretion is supposed to make sentencing more fair and balanced. In Australia and the United Kingdom, sentencing has been heavily influenced by judicial idiosyncrasies. Individual judges have a significant effect on the outcome of the case, sometimes leading the public to believe that a sentence reflects more about the judge than the offender. Subsequently, creating stricter sentencing guidelines would promote consistency and fairness in the judicial system. Mandatory sentences are also supposed to serve as a general deterrence for potential criminals and repeat offenders, who are expected to avoid crime because they can be certain of their sentence if they are caught. This is the reasoning behind the "tough on crime" policy.

United States federal juries are generally not allowed to be informed of the mandatory minimum penalties that may apply if the accused is convicted because the jury's role is limited to a determination of guilt or innocence. However, defense attorneys sometimes have found ways to impart this information to juries; for instance, it is occasionally possible, on cross-examination of an informant who faced similar charges, to ask how much time he was facing. It is sometimes deemed permissible because it is a means of impeaching the witness. However, in at least one state court case in Idaho, it was deemed impermissible.

Notably, capital punishment has been mandatory for murder in a certain number of jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom until 1957 and Canada until 1961.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για mandatory provisions
1. "We‘re invoking the mandatory provisions of Chapter VII [of the UN Charter]," Mr Bolton said.
2. She said women choose to test their babies in '8 percent of cases, so the new law‘s mandatory provisions for testing children are not needed: "The fact that we assume women won‘t choose to test is ludicrous and wrong." But in the end, lawmakers decided that the risk of exposing children to the infection outweighed those concerns.