news:comp lang cobol - ορισμός. Τι είναι το news:comp lang cobol
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Τι (ποιος) είναι news:comp lang cobol - ορισμός

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE WITH ENGLISH-LIKE SYNTAX
CoBoL; COBOL programming language; COBOL language; Cobol; COBOL (programming language); MF-COBOL; Picture clause; RM/COBOL; Common Ordinary Business-Oriented Language; 88 level; Common Business-Oriented Language; PICTURE; Named condition; X3J4; Common Business Oriented Language; COBOL-74; COBOL-85; COBOL 2002; COBOL-68; COBOL74; COBOL 1974; COBOL85; COBOL 85; COBOL 1985; COBOL68; COBOL 68; COBOL 1968; COBOL 74; OO COBOL; O-O COBOL; OO-COBOL; COBOL 20XX; COBOL 1960; COBOL 60; COBOL-60; ISO/IEC 1989; COBOL 2014; Criticism of COBOL; ISO 1989; User:Esquivalience/GAReview/COBOL; COmmon Business-Oriented Language; Object-oriented COBOL; Data types in COBOL

COBOL         
COmmon Business Oriented Language         
<language, business> /koh'bol/ (COBOL) A programming language for simple computations on large amounts of data, designed by the CODASYL Committee in April 1960. COBOL's {natural language} style is intended to be largely self-documenting. It introduced the record structure. COBOL was probably the most widely used programming language during the 1960s and 1970s. Many of the major programs that required repair or replacement due to Year 2000 {software rot} issues were originally written in COBOL, and this was responsible for a short-lived increased demand for COBOL programmers. Even in 2002 though, new COBOL programs are still being written in some organisations and many old COBOL programs are still running in dinosaur shops. Major revisions in 1968 (ANS X3.23-1968), 1974 (ANS X3.23-1974) and 1985. Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.lang.cobol. ["Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language" DoD, US GPO, Apr 1960]. (2002-02-21)
COBOL         
COmmon Business Orientated Language

Βικιπαίδεια

COBOL

COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. However, due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications; however, many large financial institutions were still developing new systems in COBOL as late as 2006.

COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on the programming language FLOW-MATIC designed by Grace Hopper. It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. It was originally seen as a stopgap, but the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is ISO/IEC 1989:2014.

COBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which was designed to be self-documenting and highly readable. However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like y = x;, COBOL has a more English-like syntax (in this case, MOVE x TO y).

COBOL code is split into four divisions (identification, environment, data, and procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. Lacking a large standard library, the standard specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class.

Academic computer scientists were generally uninterested in business applications when COBOL was created and were not involved in its design; it was (effectively) designed from the ground up as a computer language for business, with an emphasis on inputs and outputs, whose only data types were numbers and strings of text.

COBOL has been criticized throughout its life for its verbosity, design process, and poor support for structured programming. These weaknesses result in monolithic, verbose (intended to be English-like) programs that are not easily comprehensible.

For years, COBOL has been assumed as a programming language for business operations in mainframes, although in recent years an increasing interest has surged on migrating COBOL operations to cloud computing.