telegraph - ορισμός. Τι είναι το telegraph
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Τι (ποιος) είναι telegraph - ορισμός

LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION OF TEXT WITHOUT THE PHYSICAL EXCHANGE OF AN OBJECT
Telegraph; Telegrafy; Telegraphed; Telegrams; Telegram; Advantages of the telegraph; Cablegram; Telegramme; Telegraphic; Cablegrams; Cable gram; Cable grams; Teletypewriter message; RealTelex; History of telegraphy; Far writing; Telegraphic signal; Telegraph signal; Telegraph signalling; Telegraph signaling; Telegraphic communications; Telegraph station; Telegraph office; Fist (telegraphy)
  • [[US Forest Service]] lookout using a Colomb shutter type heliograph in 1912 at the end of a telephone line
  • The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901
  • Western Union telegram (1930)
  • Great Wall of China
  • Western Desert]] in November 1940
  • Alexander Bain]]'s facsimile machine, 1850
  • A block signalling instrument as used in Britain in the 20th century
  • A Creed Model 7 teleprinter, 1931
  • 19th-century demonstration of the semaphore
  • A Baudot keyboard, 1884
  • 1835}}
  • Cooke and Wheatstone's]] five-needle, six-wire telegraph (1837)
  • Creed paper tape reader at [[The National Museum of Computing]]
  • An illustration declaring that the submarine cable between England and France would bring those countries peace and goodwill
  • An early Cooke and Wheatstone double-needle railway telegraph instrument at the [[National Railway Museum]]
  • ITT Creed Model 23B teleprinter with telex dial-up facility
  • St. John's, Newfoundland]], December 1901
  • 1900}})
  • Replica of [[Claude Chappe]]'s optical telegraph on the [[Litermont]] near [[Nalbach]], Germany
  • Post Office Engineers inspect the [[Marconi Company]]'s equipment at [[Flat Holm]], May 1897
  • Foy–Breguet instrument]] in 1851. The equipment in the background is a Cooke and Wheatstone set for onward transmission.

telegraph         
(telegraphs, telegraphing, telegraphed)
1.
Telegraph is a system of sending messages over long distances, either by means of electricity or by radio signals. Telegraph was used more often before the invention of telephones.
N-UNCOUNT: also the N
2.
To telegraph someone means to send them a message by telegraph.
Churchill telegraphed an urgent message to Wavell...
VERB: V n to n
3.
If someone telegraphs something that they are planning or intending to do, they make it obvious, either deliberately or accidentally, that they are going to do it.
The commission telegraphed its decision earlier this month by telling an official to prepare the order.
VERB: V n
telegraph         
¦ noun
1. a system or device for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire, especially one creating signals by making and breaking an electrical connection.
2. (also telegraph board) a board displaying scores or other information at a sports match or race meeting.
¦ verb send (someone) a message by telegraph.
?send (a message) by telegraph.
Derivatives
telegrapher 't?l??gr?:f?, t?'l?gr?f? noun
telegraphist t?'l?gr?fist noun
telegraphy t?'l?gr?fi noun
telegraph         
v.
1) (A) they telegraphed the information to us; or: they telegraphed us the information
2) (H; no passive) they telegraphed us to leave immediately
3) (L; may have an object) she telegraphed (us) that the manuscript had been received
4) (Q; may have an object) they telegraphed (us) where we should meet

Βικιπαίδεια

Telegraphy

Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas pigeon post is not. Ancient signalling systems, although sometimes quite extensive and sophisticated as in China, were generally not capable of transmitting arbitrary text messages. Possible messages were fixed and predetermined and such systems are thus not true telegraphs.

The earliest true telegraph put into widespread use was the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe, invented in the late 18th century. The system was used extensively in France, and European nations occupied by France, during the Napoleonic era. The electric telegraph started to replace the optical telegraph in the mid-19th century. It was first taken up in Britain in the form of the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, initially used mostly as an aid to railway signalling. This was quickly followed by a different system developed in the United States by Samuel Morse. The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France due to the established optical telegraph system, but an electrical telegraph was put into use with a code compatible with the Chappe optical telegraph. The Morse system was adopted as the international standard in 1865, using a modified Morse code developed in Germany in 1848.

The heliograph is a telegraph system using reflected sunlight for signalling. It was mainly used in areas where the electrical telegraph had not been established and generally used the same code. The most extensive heliograph network established was in Arizona and New Mexico during the Apache Wars. The heliograph was standard military equipment as late as World War II. Wireless telegraphy developed in the early 20th century became important for maritime use, and was a competitor to electrical telegraphy using submarine telegraph cables in international communications.

Telegrams became a popular means of sending messages once telegraph prices had fallen sufficiently. Traffic became high enough to spur the development of automated systems—teleprinters and punched tape transmission. These systems led to new telegraph codes, starting with the Baudot code. However, telegrams were never able to compete with the letter post on price, and competition from the telephone, which removed their speed advantage, drove the telegraph into decline from 1920 onwards. The few remaining telegraph applications were largely taken over by alternatives on the internet towards the end of the 20th century.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για telegraph
1. Serious internal contenders for the Telegraph job include Lewis and deputy Sunday Telegraph editor Matthew d‘Ancona.
2. Plans are advanced to merge the Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph pictures desks into one operation.
3. Sir John Keegan is the Defence Editor of The Daily Telegraph The Telegraph Group Limited, London 2005
4. Pots and kettles, Telegraph style ‘Record pay rises for BBC chiefs as jobs axed,‘ shrieked yesterday‘s Telegraph.
5. They were Derek Malcolm and Charlotte O‘Sullivan of the Standard, Tim Robey of the Daily Telegraph, James Christopher of The Times and Catherine Shoard of the Sunday Telegraph.