helium$34329$ - translation to ελληνικό
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helium$34329$ - translation to ελληνικό

Diproton; Helium-5; Helium-6; Helium-7; Helium-8; Helium-9; Helium-10; Exotic helium isotopes; Helium-2; Isotopes of Helium; He-2; Helium Isotopes; Helium 2; Helium isotope

helium      
n. ήλιο
alpha particle         
  • alpha spectrum]].
  • Alpha radiation detected in an isopropanol [[cloud chamber]] (after injection of an artificial source radon-220).
  • Energy-loss ([[Bragg curve]]) in air for typical alpha particle emitted through radioactive decay.
  • A physicist observes alpha particles from the decay of a polonium source in a [[cloud chamber]]
  • The trace of a single alpha particle obtained by nuclear physicist Wolfhart Willimczik with his spark chamber specially made for alpha particles.
  • Dispersing of alpha particles on a thin metal sheet
HELIUM-4 NUCLEUS; PARTICLE OF TWO PROTONS AND TWO NEUTRONS
Alpha ray; Alpha-particles; Alpha radication; Alpha Particle; Helium nucleus; Alpha Radiation; Alpha Ray; Alpha emitter; Helium Nucleus; Α particle; Α-particles; Α-particle; A-particles; A-particle; Alpha particles; Alpha-particle; Alpha rays; Anti-alpha particle; Alpha-Particle Emission; Helium nuclei; Α particles; Helium-4 nucleus; He2+
σωματίδιο άλφα
alpha radiation         
  • alpha spectrum]].
  • Alpha radiation detected in an isopropanol [[cloud chamber]] (after injection of an artificial source radon-220).
  • Energy-loss ([[Bragg curve]]) in air for typical alpha particle emitted through radioactive decay.
  • A physicist observes alpha particles from the decay of a polonium source in a [[cloud chamber]]
  • The trace of a single alpha particle obtained by nuclear physicist Wolfhart Willimczik with his spark chamber specially made for alpha particles.
  • Dispersing of alpha particles on a thin metal sheet
HELIUM-4 NUCLEUS; PARTICLE OF TWO PROTONS AND TWO NEUTRONS
Alpha ray; Alpha-particles; Alpha radication; Alpha Particle; Helium nucleus; Alpha Radiation; Alpha Ray; Alpha emitter; Helium Nucleus; Α particle; Α-particles; Α-particle; A-particles; A-particle; Alpha particles; Alpha-particle; Alpha rays; Anti-alpha particle; Alpha-Particle Emission; Helium nuclei; Α particles; Helium-4 nucleus; He2+
ακτινοβολία άλφα

Ορισμός

Helium
·noun A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.
II. Helium ·add. ·noun An inert, monoatomic, gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere of the sun and stars, and in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere, in several minerals and in certain mineral waters. Symbol, He; at. wt., 4. Helium was first detected spectroscopically in the sun by Lockyer in 1868; it was first prepared by Ramsay in 1895. Helium has a density of 1.98 compared with hydrogen, and is more difficult to liquefy than the latter. Chemically, it belongs to the argon group and cannot be made to form compounds. It is a decomposition product of the radium emanation.

Βικιπαίδεια

Isotopes of helium

Although there are nine known isotopes of helium (2He) (standard atomic weight: 4.002602(2)), only helium-3 (3
He
) and helium-4 (4
He
) are stable. All radioisotopes are short-lived, the longest-lived being 6
He
with a half-life of 806.92(24) milliseconds. The least stable is 10
He
, with a half-life of 260(40) yoctoseconds (2.6(4)×10−22 s), although it is possible that 2
He
may have an even shorter half-life.

In the Earth's atmosphere, the ratio of 3
He
to 4
He
is 1.343(13)×10−6. However, the isotopic abundance of helium varies greatly depending on its origin. In the Local Interstellar Cloud, the proportion of 3
He
to 4
He
is 1.62(29)×10−4, which is 121(22) times higher than that of atmospheric helium. Rocks from the Earth's crust have isotope ratios varying by as much as a factor of ten; this is used in geology to investigate the origin of rocks and the composition of the Earth's mantle. The different formation processes of the two stable isotopes of helium produce the differing isotope abundances.

Equal mixtures of liquid 3
He
and 4
He
below 0.8 K separate into two immiscible phases due to differences in quantum statistics: 4
He
atoms are bosons while 3
He
atoms are fermions. Dilution refrigerators take advantage of the immiscibility of these two isotopes to achieve temperatures of a few millikelvins.