ينسب إلى سلطة دينية عليا - translation to Αγγλικά
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ينسب إلى سلطة دينية عليا - translation to Αγγλικά

NOBLE TITLE WITH SEVERAL HISTORICAL MEANINGS
Sultanate; Sultanates; Sultans; Mfalume; Mani Sultan; His Sultanic Highness; Sultân; Sultan Kend; Sultan-Kend; سلطنة; سلطة; Sulṭah; Malay sultanate; Saltanat; Sultanate of Dar Masalit; Soultan
  • Sultan [[Abd al-Hafid of Morocco]].
  • [[Pakubuwono XII]], last undisputed Susuhunan of Surakarta
  • 281x281px
  • [[Hamengkubuwono X]], the incumbent Sultan of Yogyakarta
  • The [[valide sultan]] (sultana mother) of the [[Ottoman Empire]]
  • H.M. Sultan [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]], from the [[Al Said]] dynasty, ruled Oman for nearly 50 years.
  • Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed IV]] attended by a eunuch and two pages.
  • Tidore]]
  • Nur]] of the [[Habr Yunis]]
  • [[Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram]], last recognised Sultan of Sulu
  • Ali bin Hamud]]. Photograph taken between 1902 and 1911.

ينسب إلى سلطة دينية عليا      

ex cathedra (ADV)

ex cathedra         
  • Rubens]], 1626
  • 1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility
  • Church]] (painting by [[Friedrich Stummel]] in [[Kevelaer]] Shrine 1903).<ref>''Die katholischen Missionen, September 1903''</ref>
  • Supporters of the pope outside the United Nations in 2008 with a banner quoting [[Matthew 16]]
  • Painting to commemorate the dogma of papal infallibility (Voorschoten, 1870). Right to left: Pope Pius IX, Christ and Thomas Aquinas
DOGMA OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH; INFALLIBILITY OF CERTAIN DECISIONS OF THE POPE
Ex cathedra; Dogmatic definition; Pope infallibility; Papal Infallibility; Solemn papal definitions; Infallible dogma; Pope's infallibility; Papal infalliability; Infallibility of the pope; Dogma of Papal Infallibility; Dogma of papal infallibility
ADJ , ADV
ينسب إلى سلطة دينية عليا
ثيوقراطية         
  • الحضارة السومرية]] كانت تحت حكم ديني ثيوقراطي عام 4500 ق.م.
نظام الحكم يحكم رجال الدين فيه
الثيوقراطية; الثيوقراط; دولة دينية; حكومه دينيه; حكومة دينية; الدولة الدينية; ثيوقراطي; Theocracy; ثيقراطية

theocracy

Ορισμός

Sultan
·noun A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior;
- officially so called.

Βικιπαίδεια

Sultan

Sultan (; Arabic: سلطان sulṭān, pronounced [sʊlˈtˤɑːn, solˈtˤɑːn]) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun سلطة sulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", and the state and territories ruled by a sultan, as well as his office, are referred to as a sultanate (سلطنة salṭanah).

The term is distinct from king (ملك malik), though both refer to a sovereign ruler. The use of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the title carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular king, which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries.

Brunei and Oman are the only independent countries which retain the title "sultan" for their monarchs. In recent years, the title has been gradually replaced by "king" by contemporary hereditary rulers who wish to emphasize their secular authority under the rule of law. A notable example is Morocco, whose monarch changed his title from sultan to king in 1957.