cycle d"exploitation - translation to γαλλικά
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cycle d"exploitation - translation to γαλλικά

EXPLOITIVE BEHAVIOR IN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
Exploitation (biology)
  • Fish cleaned by smaller cleaner wrasses on Hawaiian reefs
  • A nest of naked mole rats
  • Nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes
  • Stalked slime mould fruiting bodies
  • Wasp nest, with some larvae

cycle d'exploitation      
n. operating cycle

Ορισμός

Otto cycle
·add. ·- A four-stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression, ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the products of combustion from the cylinder. This is the cycle invented by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr. Otto in 1877 in the Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine made.

Βικιπαίδεια

Cheating (biology)

Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms. Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships. A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can potentially gain the benefit from others cooperating. Cheaters are also those who selfishly use common resources to maximize their individual fitness at the expense of a group. Natural selection favors cheating, but there are mechanisms to regulate it. The stress gradient hypothesis states that facilitation, cooperation or mutualism should be more common in stressful environments, while cheating, competition or parasitms are common in benign environments (i.e nutrient excess).