Oil Companies Materials Association - translation to ρωσικά
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Oil Companies Materials Association - translation to ρωσικά

GROUP OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST PRIVATE OIL AND GAS COMPANIES, FROM 6 TO 10
Seven Sisters (oil companies); Oil major; Big oil; Oil profits; International Oil Company; Big Nuclear; Supermajors; International oil companies; New Seven Sisters; Oil majors; Supermajor; Seven sisters (oil companies); Big oil company; Oil giant

Oil Companies Materials Association      

нефтегазовая промышленность

Американская ассоциация по снабжению нефтяных компаний

OCMA         
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE

сокращение

[Oil Companies Materials Association] Американская ассоциация по снабжению нефтяных фирм

materials science         
  • [[Buckminsterfullerene]] nanostructure
  • A [[scanning electron microscopy]] image of carbon nanotubes bundles
  • A 6 μm diameter carbon filament (running from bottom left to top right) siting atop the much larger human hair
  • Beverage containers of all three materials types: ceramic (glass), metal (aluminum), and polymer (plastic).
  • A phase diagram for a binary system displaying a eutectic point
  • Expanded polystyrene polymer packaging
  • solid state physics]]”.
  • Six classes of conventional engineering materials
  • The materials paradigm represented in the form of a tetrahedron
  • The iridescent [[nacre]] inside a [[nautilus]] shell
  • Microstructure of pearlite
  • doi= 10.1021/cm9801901}}</ref>
  • The repeating unit of the polymer polypropylene
  • Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> ceramic bearing parts
  • doi-access=free }}</ref>
  • Wire rope made from [[steel]] alloy
  • A late [[Bronze Age sword]] or dagger blade
RESEARCH, DISCOVERY AND DESIGN OF PHYSICAL MATERIALS (ESPECIALLY SOLIDS)
Materials Science; Material science; Materials engineering; Material engineering; Materials Science and Technology; Material Science; Material Engineering; Matsci; Materials engineer; Advanced material; Materials science and engineering; Materials scientist; Engineered materials; Material sciences; Metallurgy & Materials Engineering; Materials Science & Engineering; Materials research; Materials Chemistry; Materials physics; Materials Technology; Materials technology; Materials Scientist; Material scientist; Materials chemistry; Materials Engineering; Engineering materials; Materials Science Engineering; Materials science engineering; Materials sciences; Digital materials; Material Science and Engineering; Digital Materials; Material Sciences; Material chemistry; Material physics; Science of Materials; Engineering material; Science of materials; Modern materials

[mə'ti(ə)riəlzsaiəns]

специальный термин

материаловедение

наука о материалах

Ορισμός

Международная фонетическая ассоциация
(МФА; International Phonetic Association)

международная научная организация, ставящая своей целью развитие фонетики (См. Фонетика) и различных практических её приложений, в частности распространение фонетического метода преподавания иностранных языков. Основана в Париже (1886) как Фонетическая ассоциация преподавателей живых языков (переименована в 1897). Одна из центральных задач МФА - пропаганда наиболее распространённого из всех существующих международного фонетического алфавита (принят во всех пособиях по фонетике западноевропейских языков), созданного в 1888 и пересмотренного в последний раз в 1951. МФА издаёт журнал "Le Maître Phonétique" (1886-), в котором публикуются транскрибированные тексты на различных языках мира и статьи по общей и частной фонетике, а также приложения к журналу - брошюры с разнообразной фонетической тематикой. Например, в 1911 вышел очерк русского произношения Л. В. Щербы, в котором впервые было дано определение фонемы как смыслоразличительной звуковой единицы. Высший орган МФА - Совет из представителей 15 стран (1970); президент - С. К. Чаттерджи (Индия), секретарь - А. К. Гимсон (Англия). Штаб-квартира МФА - в Лондоне. Рабочие языки - французский и английский.

Лит.: The Principles of the International Phonetic Association, L., 1949.

Л. Р. Зиндер.

Βικιπαίδεια

Big Oil

Big Oil is a name used to describe the world's six or seven largest publicly traded and investor-owned oil and gas companies, also known as supermajors. The term, particularly in the United States, emphasizes their economic power and influence on politics. Big Oil is often associated with the fossil fuels lobby and also used to refer to the industry as a whole in a pejorative or derogatory manner.

Sources conflict on the exact makeup of Big Oil today, though the companies which are most frequently mentioned as supermajors are ExxonMobil, Chevron, BP, Shell, Eni and TotalEnergies, with ConocoPhillips frequently being included as well prior to spinning off its downstream operations into Phillips 66.The phrase "Super-Major" emanated from a report published by Douglas Terreson of Morgan Stanley in February 1998. The report foretold a substantial consolidation phase of "Major" Oil companies which would result in a group of dominant "Super-Major" entities. Big Oil previously referred to seven oil companies which formed the Consortium for Iran; such "Seven Sisters" were the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (a predecessor of BP), Shell plc, three of Chevron's predecessors (Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco), and two of ExxonMobil's predecessors (Jersey Standard and Standard Oil of New York).

The term, analogous to others such as Big Steel, and Big Tech, and Big Pharma which describe industries dominated by a few giant corporations, was popularized in print from the late 1960s. Today it is often used to refer specifically to the seven supermajors. The use of the term in the popular media often excludes the national producers and OPEC oil companies who have a much greater global role in setting prices than the supermajors. China's two state-owned oil companies, Sinopec and the China National Petroleum Corporation, as well as Saudi Aramco, had greater revenues in 2022 than any investor-owned oil company.

In the maritime industry, six to seven large oil companies that decide a majority of the crude oil tanker chartering business are called "Oil Majors".

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