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What (who) is Bowfin - definition
![Dissection of a bowfin [[swim bladder]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amia Gas Bladder.jpg?width=200 "Dissection of a bowfin [[swim bladder]]")
 (4015394787).jpg?width=200 "Freshly caught bowfin")
![Three divisions of [[Neopterygii]] comprising [[Lepisosteiformes]], [[Amiiformes]], and [[Teleostei]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cladogram of basal actinopterygians and neopterygians.png?width=200 "Three divisions of [[Neopterygii]] comprising [[Lepisosteiformes]], [[Amiiformes]], and [[Teleostei]]")
![The [[gill raker]]s are short with blunt processes and with a small space in between them. They are connected to the gill arch of the gills.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gill Rakers of Amia Calva.jpg?width=200 "The [[gill raker]]s are short with blunt processes and with a small space in between them. They are connected to the gill arch of the gills.")
![''Lernaea'', or [[anchor worm]], on a [[Murray cod]]. The same parasite also attacks bowfin.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lernaea parasite on a Murray cod.jpg?width=200 "''Lernaea'', or [[anchor worm]], on a [[Murray cod]]. The same parasite also attacks bowfin.")
![''Amia calva'' distribution in the eastern U.S., as well as from the [[St. Lawrence River]] and [[Lake Champlain]] drainage of southern [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], westward around Great Lakes in southern Ontario into Minnesota](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USGSmapBowfinDist.png?width=200 "''Amia calva'' distribution in the eastern U.S., as well as from the [[St. Lawrence River]] and [[Lake Champlain]] drainage of southern [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], westward around Great Lakes in southern Ontario into Minnesota")
Wikipedia
The bowfin (Amia calva) is a bony fish, native to North America. Common names include mudfish, mud pike, dogfish, grindle, grinnel, swamp trout, and choupique. It is regarded as a relict, being one of only two surviving species of the Halecomorphi, a group of fish that first appeared during the Early Triassic, around 250 million years ago. The bowfin is often considered a "primitive fish" because they have retained some morphological characteristics of their early ancestors. It is one of two species in the genus Amia, along with Amia ocellicauda, the eyespot bowfin. The closest living relatives of bowfins are gars, with the two groups being united in the clade Holostei.
Bowfins are demersal freshwater piscivores, commonly found throughout much of the eastern United States, and in southern Ontario and Quebec. Fossil deposits indicate Amiiformes were once widespread in both freshwater and marine environments across North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Now, their range is limited to much of the eastern United States and adjacent southern Canada, including the drainage basins of the Mississippi River, Great Lakes, and various rivers exiting in the Eastern Seaboard or Gulf of Mexico. Their preferred habitat includes vegetated sloughs, lowland rivers and lakes, swamps, and backwater areas; they are also occasionally found in brackish water. They are stalking, ambush predators known to move into the shallows at night to prey on fish and aquatic invertebrates such as crawfish, mollusks, and aquatic insects.
Like gars, bowfin are bimodal breathers – they have the capacity to breathe both water and air. Their gills exchange gases in the water allowing them to breathe, but they also have a gas bladder that serves to maintain buoyancy, and also allows them to breathe air by means of a small pneumatic duct connected from the foregut to the gas bladder. They can break the surface to gulp air, which allows them to survive conditions of aquatic hypoxia that would be lethal to most other species. The bowfin is long-lived, with age up to 33 years reported.
