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What (who) is French truffle - definition

FRUITING BODY OF A SUBTERRANEAN FUNGUS (HERE FOCUS ON CUISINE, NOT ON TAXONOMY)

Truffles; Truffel; Truffle mushrooms; Truffle (fungi); Truffle salt; Truffle (fungus); Truffe; Appalachian truffle; Tuber canaliculatum

Truffle hog

DOMESTIC ANIMAL

Truffle hound; Truffle pig

A truffle hog is any domestic pig used for locating and extracting the fruit bodies of the fungi known as truffles from temperate forests in Europe and North America. Pigs have an exceptional sense of smell, and are able to identify truffles from as deep as three feet underground.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truffle_hog

Tuber melanosporum

SPECIES OF FUNGUS

Black truffles; Perigord truffle; Périgord truffle; Melanosporum; Black Truffle; Black Périgord truffle; Black truffle

Tuber melanosporum, called the black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle,There are several common names for the species in the popular literature. For example, the Field Guide to North American Truffles (Trappe, Evans & Trappe, 2007) refers to it as the "French black"; Taming the Truffle (Hall, Brown, Zambonelli, 2007) calls it the "black Périgord truffle" (but lists it under the scientific name in the index); The Book of Fungi (Roberts & Evans, 2011) calls it the "black truffle"; and the European field guide Mushrooms (Laessoe & Lincoff, 2002) calls it simply the "Perigord truffle".

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuber_melanosporum

Truffle

·noun Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. aestivum) are much esteemed as articles of food.

Wikipedia

Truffle

A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many species of the genus Tuber. In addition to Tuber, over one hundred other genera of fungi are classified as truffles including Geopora, Peziza, Choiromyces, and Leucangium. These genera belong to the class Pezizomycetes and the Pezizales order. Several truffle-like basidiomycetes are excluded from Pezizales, including Rhizopogon and Glomus. Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi, so they are usually found in close association with tree roots. Spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores, animals that eat fungi. These fungi have significant ecological roles in nutrient cycling and drought tolerance.

Some truffle species are highly prized as food. French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin called truffles "the diamond of the kitchen". Edible truffles are used in Italian, French and numerous other national haute cuisines. Truffles are cultivated and harvested from natural environments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truffle