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What (who) is G2-M DNA damage checkpoint - definition
G2-M DNA damage checkpoint
The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged or incompletely replicated DNA is sufficiently repaired. Cells which have a defective G2-M checkpoint, if they enter M phase before repairing their DNA, it leads to apoptosis or death after cell division.
Cell cycle checkpoint
PROCESS THAT CONTROLS CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION BY MONITORING THE INTEGRITY OF SPECIFIC EVENTS
Cellular checkpoint; Cell checkpoint; Checkpoint (biology); Checkpiont (cell cycle); Mitotic checkpoint; G1-S; G2-M
Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met.
DNA repair
![DNA ligase, shown above repairing chromosomal damage, is an enzyme that joins broken nucleotides together by catalyzing the formation of an internucleotide [[ester]] bond between the phosphate backbone and the deoxyribose nucleotides.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DNA Repair.jpg?width=200 "DNA ligase, shown above repairing chromosomal damage, is an enzyme that joins broken nucleotides together by catalyzing the formation of an internucleotide [[ester]] bond between the phosphate backbone and the deoxyribose nucleotides.")
![Structure of the base-excision repair enzyme [[uracil-DNA glycosylase]] excising a hydrolytically-produced uracil residue from DNA. The uracil residue is shown in yellow.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Uracil base glycosidase.jpg?width=200 "Structure of the base-excision repair enzyme [[uracil-DNA glycosylase]] excising a hydrolytically-produced uracil residue from DNA. The uracil residue is shown in yellow.")
PROCESS OF RESTORING DNA AFTER DAMAGE
Dna repair; DNA Repair; DNA damage; DNA repair genes; Excision repair; Excision repair mechanism; Dna repair enzymes; Dna repair-deficiency disorders; Dna repair genes; Double-strand breaks; Double-strand break; Types of DNA lesions; Double strand breaks; Translesion synthesis; DNA damage checkpoint; Double strand break; Self-repair mechanisms; DNA repair gene; Single strand break; Single-strand break; DNA damage checkpoints; DNA lesions; DNA lesion; Translesion; Translation polymerase; DNA-damage response; DNA repair-deficiency disorders; Translesion DNA synthesis; Double-stranded break; Single-stranded break; DNA damage repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day.
