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What (who) is Zynoviy Kovalyk - definition
![A five [[Ukrainian hryvnia]] [[banknote]] depicting Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/5 hryvnia 2005 front.jpg?width=200 "A five [[Ukrainian hryvnia]] [[banknote]] depicting Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky")
.jpg?width=200 "Five hryvnia coin, Ukraine, 2018 (reverse)")
![hetman (Г) of Host (В) of Zaporozhia (З)]] and of his (Е) king's (К) majesty (МЛС) of Rzecz Pospolita.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alex K Bohdan Chmelnickyi prapor.svg?width=200 "hetman (Г) of Host (В) of Zaporozhia (З)]] and of his (Е) king's (К) majesty (МЛС) of Rzecz Pospolita.")
![caftan]], one of his honorable royal caftans."<ref name=Biedronska/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anonymous Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg?width=200 "caftan]], one of his honorable royal caftans.\"<ref name=Biedronska/>")
![Stockholm, Sweden]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bohdan-banner.jpg?width=200 "Stockholm, Sweden]].")
![Coat of arms of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Herb Viyska Zaporozkogo (Alex K).svg?width=200 "Coat of arms of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]")
![Khmelnytsky Monument in Kyiv]] in 1905](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kiev khmelnitsky.jpg?width=200 "Khmelnytsky Monument in Kyiv]] in 1905")
![National Museum]] in [[Warsaw]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Matejko Khmelnytsky with Tugay Bey.jpg?width=200 "National Museum]] in [[Warsaw]]")
![Monument dedicated to Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Kyiv, Ukraine. The authors are [[Boris Krylov]] and Oles Sydoruk.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Monument dedicated to Bogdan Khmelnytsky.jpg?width=200 "Monument dedicated to Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Kyiv, Ukraine. The authors are [[Boris Krylov]] and Oles Sydoruk.")
![Władysław IV]], c. 1635](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1635.svg?width=200 "Władysław IV]], c. 1635")
![Church of [[Subotiv]], [[Ukraine]], where Khmelnytsky was buried](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Subotiv Ukraine.png?width=200 "Church of [[Subotiv]], [[Ukraine]], where Khmelnytsky was buried")
Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern Ukrainian: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; c. 1595 – 6 August 1657) was a Ukrainian military commander and Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Ukrainian Cossack state. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian control. He is best remembered in Jewish history for the massacre of thousands of Jews that occurred during the national uprising of Ukrainians (1648–1649), in what is still considered one of the most traumatic events in the history of the Jews in Ukraine.
