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What (who) is duct cancer - definition
![CT scan]] showing cholangiocarcinoma](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CT cholangioca.jpg?width=200 "CT scan]] showing cholangiocarcinoma")
![[[Micrograph]] of an intrahepatic, i.e. in the liver, cholangiocarcinoma (right of image); benign [[hepatocyte]]s are seen (left of image). Histologically, this is a cholangiocarcinoma as (1) atypical bile duct-like cells (left of image) extend from the tumor in an interlobular septum (the normal anatomical location of bile ducts), and (2) the tumor has the abundant desmoplastic stroma often seen in cholangiocarcinomas. A [[portal triad]] (upper-left of image) has a [[histologically]] normal [[bile duct]]. [[H&E stain]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cholangiocarcinoma - high mag.jpg?width=200 "[[Micrograph]] of an intrahepatic, i.e. in the liver, cholangiocarcinoma (right of image); benign [[hepatocyte]]s are seen (left of image). Histologically, this is a cholangiocarcinoma as (1) atypical bile duct-like cells (left of image) extend from the tumor in an interlobular septum (the normal anatomical location of bile ducts), and (2) the tumor has the abundant desmoplastic stroma often seen in cholangiocarcinomas. A [[portal triad]] (upper-left of image) has a [[histologically]] normal [[bile duct]]. [[H&E stain]].")
![Life cycle of ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'', a [[liver fluke]] associated with cholangiocarcinoma](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clonorchis sinensis LifeCycle.png?width=200 "Life cycle of ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'', a [[liver fluke]] associated with cholangiocarcinoma")
![ERCP]] image of cholangiocarcinoma, showing common bile duct stricture and dilation of the proximal common bile duct](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ERCP cholangioca.jpg?width=200 "ERCP]] image of cholangiocarcinoma, showing common bile duct stricture and dilation of the proximal common bile duct")
![Yellowing of the skin ([[jaundice]]) and eyes ([[scleral icterus]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaundice of the sclerotic.JPG?width=200 "Yellowing of the skin ([[jaundice]]) and eyes ([[scleral icterus]]).")
Wikipedia
Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is a type of cancer that forms in the bile ducts. Symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma may include abdominal pain, yellowish skin, weight loss, generalized itching, and fever. Light colored stool or dark urine may also occur. Other biliary tract cancers include gallbladder cancer and cancer of the ampulla of Vater.
Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma include primary sclerosing cholangitis (an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts), ulcerative colitis, cirrhosis, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, infection with certain liver flukes, and some congenital liver malformations. However, most people have no identifiable risk factors. The diagnosis is suspected based on a combination of blood tests, medical imaging, endoscopy, and sometimes surgical exploration. The disease is confirmed by examination of cells from the tumor under a microscope. It is typically an adenocarcinoma (a cancer that forms glands or secretes mucin).
Cholangiocarcinoma is typically incurable at diagnosis which is why early detection is ideal. In these cases palliative treatments may include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stenting procedures. In about a third of cases involving the common bile duct and less commonly with other locations the tumor can be completely removed by surgery offering a chance of a cure. Even when surgical removal is successful chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally recommended. In certain cases surgery may include a liver transplantation. Even when surgery is successful the 5-year survival is typically less than 50%.
Cholangiocarcinoma is rare in the Western world, with estimates of it occurring in 0.5–2 people per 100,000 per year. Rates are higher in Southeast Asia where liver flukes are common. Rates in parts of Thailand are 60 per 100,000 per year. It typically occurs in people in their 70s; however, in those with primary sclerosing cholangitis it often occurs in the 40s. Rates of cholangiocarcinoma within the liver in the Western world have increased.
