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What (who) is geophysical surveying - definition
![A surveyor using a [[total station]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/-BLMcareers (21678771368) crop.jpg?width=200 "A surveyor using a [[total station]]")
![An all-female surveying crew in [[Idaho]], 1918](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/All female survey crew - Minidoka Project, Idaho 1918.jpg?width=200 "An all-female surveying crew in [[Idaho]], 1918")
![A standard Brunton Geo [[compass]], still used commonly today by geographers, geologists and surveyors for field-based measurements](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brunton.JPG?width=200 "A standard Brunton Geo [[compass]], still used commonly today by geographers, geologists and surveyors for field-based measurements")
![A German engineer surveying during the [[First World War]], 1918](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S12054, Vermessungstruppe bei Fernaufnahmen.jpg?width=200 "A German engineer surveying during the [[First World War]], 1918")
![A railroad surveying party at Russel's Tank, [[Arizona]] in the 1860s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Camp of surverying party at Russel's Tank, Arizona, on eastern slope of Laja Range, 1,271 miles from Missouri River. (Boston Public Library) (cropped).jpg?width=200 "A railroad surveying party at Russel's Tank, [[Arizona]] in the 1860s")
![Example of modern equipment for surveying ([[Field-Map]] technology): [[GPS]], [[laser rangefinder]] and field computer allows surveying as well as [[cartography]] (creation of map in real-time) and field data collection.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Field-Map birdie.jpg?width=200 "Example of modern equipment for surveying ([[Field-Map]] technology): [[GPS]], [[laser rangefinder]] and field computer allows surveying as well as [[cartography]] (creation of map in real-time) and field data collection.")
![pundit]] cartographer [[Nain Singh Rawat]] (19th century) received a [[Royal Geographical Society]] gold medal in 1876, for his efforts in exploring [[the Himalayas]] for the British](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NainSingh.gif?width=200 "pundit]] cartographer [[Nain Singh Rawat]] (19th century) received a [[Royal Geographical Society]] gold medal in 1876, for his efforts in exploring [[the Himalayas]] for the British")
![Cyclopaedia]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Table of Surveying, Cyclopaedia, Volume 2.jpg?width=200 "Cyclopaedia]]''")
![Surveying students with their professor at the [[Helsinki University of Technology]] in the late 19th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tkkstudentsbackinthedays.jpg?width=200 "Surveying students with their professor at the [[Helsinki University of Technology]] in the late 19th century")
Wikipedia
Geophysical survey is the systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies. Detection and analysis of the geophysical signals forms the core of Geophysical signal processing. The magnetic and gravitational fields emanating from the Earth's interior hold essential information concerning seismic activities and the internal structure. Hence, detection and analysis of the electric and Magnetic fields is very crucial. As the Electromagnetic and gravitational waves are multi-dimensional signals, all the 1-D transformation techniques can be extended for the analysis of these signals as well. Hence this article also discusses multi-dimensional signal processing techniques.
Geophysical surveys may use a great variety of sensing instruments, and data may be collected from above or below the Earth's surface or from aerial, orbital, or marine platforms. Geophysical surveys have many applications in geology, archaeology, mineral and energy exploration, oceanography, and engineering. Geophysical surveys are used in industry as well as for academic research.
The sensing instruments such as gravimeter, gravitational wave sensor and magnetometers detect fluctuations in the gravitational and magnetic field. The data collected from a geophysical survey is analysed to draw meaningful conclusions out of that. Analysing the spectral density and the time-frequency localisation of any signal is important in applications such as oil exploration and seismography.
