أيقونة ـ تمثيل تصويرى - translation to English
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أيقونة ـ تمثيل تصويرى - translation to English

FORM OF TYPOGRAPHICAL JUSTIFICATION USED WITH THE ARABIC SCRIPT
Tatweel; ـ; Taṭwīl; Keshideh; ߺ; Kasheeda; U+0640

أيقونة ـ تمثيل تصويرى      

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التركيب الضوئي         
  • النباتات]].
  • دورة البناء الضوئي.
  • المعادلة العامة لعملية التركيب الضوئي في النباتات.
عملية كيميائية حيوية
البناء الضوئي; التمثيل الضوئي; التركيب الضوئي; بناء ضوئي; التمثيل الضوئى; اصطناع ضوئي; عملية البناء الضوئي; تمثيل ضوئى; Photosynthesis; تمثيل ضوئي; التركيب ضوئي; تخليق ضوئي; عملية التمثيل الضوئي
photosynthesis
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  • Saint Arethas]] (Byzantine, 10th century)
  • Luke painting the [[Theotokos of Vladimir]] (16th century, [[Pskov]])
  • ''The Last Judgement'' by [[Nehmatallah Hovsep]] (1703), one of the most famous icons of the [[Aleppo School]].<ref>[http://digitool.rpi.edu:8881/R/N8528GC7E21FNNIF84NBC5NH4V5A7KIFB8I15TXRSVYSDBHTSY-00188?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27944&local_base=GEN01&pds_handle=GUEST 	Cathedral of the Forty Martyrs: fresco of the Last Judgement] (Rensselaer Digital Collections).</ref>
  • 12th-century icon of [[Archangel Gabriel]] from [[Novgorod]], called ''[[The Angel with Golden Hair]]'', currently exhibited in the [[State Russian Museum]].
  • Coptic icon]] from [[Egypt]] ([[Musée du Louvre]]).
  • 978-617-7031-15-3}}</ref>
  • Palaiologan-era]] [[mannerism]]—the [[Annunciation]] icon from [[Ohrid]] in [[North Macedonia]].
  • 6th century}} ([[Saint Catherine's Monastery]]).
  • 6th century}} ([[Saint Catherine's Monastery]], [[Mount Sinai]]).
  •  Russian icon of the [[Holy Trinity]]
  • Not Made by Hand]]'': a traditional Orthodox [[iconography]] in the interpretation of [[Simon Ushakov]] (1658).
  • [[Trojeručica]] meaning "Three-handed Theotokos", the most important Serb icon.
  • Ethiopian Orthodox painting of the [[Virgin Mary]] nursing the infant Christ
BOOK BY WILLIAM L. SIMON
ICon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business; ICon Steve Jobs; ICon: Steve Jobs; ICon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business
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تمثال ايقونه معبود أيقونة ـ تمثيل تصويرى .

Wikipedia

Kashida

Kashida or Kasheeda (Persian: کشیده; "extended", "stretched", "lengthened") is a type of justification in the Arabic language and in some descendant cursive scripts. In contrast to white-space justification, which increases the length of a line of text by expanding spaces between words or individual letters, kasheeda creates justification by elongating characters at certain points. Kasheeda justification can be combined with white-space justification.

The analog in European (Latin-based) typography (expanding or contracting letters to improve spacing) is sometimes called expansion, and falls within microtypography. Kasheeda is considerably easier and more flexible, however, because Arabic-Persian scripts feature prominent horizontal strokes, whose lengths are accordingly flexible.

For example, al-ḥamdu and Raḥīm with and without kasheeda may look like the following:

Kasheeda can also refer to a character that represents this elongation (ـ) – also known as tatweel or taṭwīl (تطويل taṭwīl) – or to one of a set of glyphs of varying lengths that implement this elongation in a font. The Unicode standard assigns code point U+0640 as Arabic Tatweel.

The kasheeda can take a subtle downward curvature in some calligraphic styles and handwriting. However, the curvilinear stroke is not feasible for most basic fonts, which merely use a completely flat underscore-like stroke for kashida.

In addition to letter spacing and justification, calligraphers also use kasheeda for emphasis and as book or chapter titles. In modern Arabic mathematical notation, kasheeda appears in some operation symbols that must stretch to accommodate associated contents above or below.

Kasheeda generally only appears in one word per line, and one letter per word. Furthermore, experts recommend kasheeda only between certain combinations of letters (typically those that cannot form a ligature). Some calligraphers who were paid by the page used an inordinate number of kasheeda to stretch content over more pages.

The branding of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar applies kasheeda to Latin script, connecting the bottom of the "t" and the second "a" in the host country's name.