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ثانى فحمات - translation to English
![Scene depicts the fifth and greatest assault upon the Shkodra Castle by Ottoman forces in the [[Siege of Shkodra]], 1478–79](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"I Turchi respinti da Scutari" Gatteri's Etching of the Siege of Shkodra.jpg?width=200 "Scene depicts the fifth and greatest assault upon the Shkodra Castle by Ottoman forces in the [[Siege of Shkodra]], 1478–79")
![Mehmed II on the backside of 1,000 [[Turkish lira]] dated 1986.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1000 TL reverse.jpg?width=200 "Mehmed II on the backside of 1,000 [[Turkish lira]] dated 1986.")
![[[The Night Attack of Târgovişte]], which resulted in a failed assassination attempt of Mehmed](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AtaculdeNoapte.jpg?width=200 "[[The Night Attack of Târgovişte]], which resulted in a failed assassination attempt of Mehmed")
![Medal of Mehmet II, with mention "Emperor of Byzantium" ("Byzantii Imperatoris 1481"), made by [[Costanzo da Ferrara]] (1450-1524).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Costanzo da ferrara, medaglia con mehmed II, sultano ottomano, conquistatore di costantinopoli, 1478.jpg?width=200 "Medal of Mehmet II, with mention \"Emperor of Byzantium\" (\"Byzantii Imperatoris 1481\"), made by [[Costanzo da Ferrara]] (1450-1524).")
![Fatih Mosque]], built by order of Sultan Mehmed II in Constantinople, the first [[imperial mosque]] built in the city after the Ottoman conquest.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fatih Camii 1888-1910 yılları.jpg?width=200 "Fatih Mosque]], built by order of Sultan Mehmed II in Constantinople, the first [[imperial mosque]] built in the city after the Ottoman conquest.")
![Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror with patriarch [[Gennadius II]] depicted on an 18th-century mosaic](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gennadios II and Mehmed II.jpg?width=200 "Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror with patriarch [[Gennadius II]] depicted on an 18th-century mosaic")
![Portrait of [[Skanderbeg]], prince of [[League of Lezhë]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gjergj Kastrioti.jpg?width=200 "Portrait of [[Skanderbeg]], prince of [[League of Lezhë]]")
![Accession of Mehmed II in [[Edirne]], 1451](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hunername accession Mehmed II.jpg?width=200 "Accession of Mehmed II in [[Edirne]], 1451")
.jpg?width=200 "alt=A bronze medal of Mehmed II the Conqueror")
![Mehmed II's [[ahidnâme]] to the Catholic monks of the recently conquered Bosnia issued in 1463, granting them full religious freedom and protection.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mehmed II ferman.jpg?width=200 "Mehmed II's [[ahidnâme]] to the Catholic monks of the recently conquered Bosnia issued in 1463, granting them full religious freedom and protection.")
![Mehmed the Second, portrait by [[Paolo Veronese]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paolo Veronese (Nachfolger) - Sultan Mohammed II. (1451 - 1481) - 2247 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg?width=200 "Mehmed the Second, portrait by [[Paolo Veronese]]")
![Portrait of Mehmed, by [[Nakkaş Sinan Bey]] ([[Topkapı Palace]] albums)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sarayi Album 10a.jpg?width=200 "Portrait of Mehmed, by [[Nakkaş Sinan Bey]] ([[Topkapı Palace]] albums)")
![Siege of Belgrade]], 1456](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Siegebelgrade.jpg?width=200 "Siege of Belgrade]], 1456")
![Vlad (Dracula) the Impaler]], Prince of [[Wallachia]], 1460](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vlad Tepes 002.jpg?width=200 "Vlad (Dracula) the Impaler]], Prince of [[Wallachia]], 1460")
![The entry of Sultan Mehmed II into [[Constantinople]], painting by [[Fausto Zonaro]] (1854–1929)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zonaro GatesofConst.jpg?width=200 "The entry of Sultan Mehmed II into [[Constantinople]], painting by [[Fausto Zonaro]] (1854–1929)")
![tomb]] of Mehmed II (d. 1481) in [[Fatih]], [[Istanbul]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/İstanbul 5908.jpg?width=200 "tomb]] of Mehmed II (d. 1481) in [[Fatih]], [[Istanbul]]")
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Wikipedia
Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى, romanized: Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Mehmed, pronounced [icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Turkish: ابو الفتح, romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish: Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest, Mehmed claimed the title Caesar of the Roman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: قیصر روم, romanized: Qayser-i Rûm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as "continuing" the Empire rather than "replacing" it.
Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed Constantinople into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other things, Istanbul's Fatih district, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Fatih Mosque are named after him.
