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Koch"s phenomenon - translation to arabic
![Late medieval German script (Swabian [[bastarda]], dated 1496) illustrating the use of long and round ''s'': ''prieſters tochter'' ("priest's daughter").](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schwäbische Bastarda 1496 Schriftprobe Priesters Tochter.png?width=200 "Late medieval German script (Swabian [[bastarda]], dated 1496) illustrating the use of long and round ''s'': ''prieſters tochter'' (\"priest's daughter\").")
![A letter S in the coat of arms of [[Sortavala]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sortavala COA (2020).gif?width=200 "A letter S in the coat of arms of [[Sortavala]]")
ألاسم
ِحقة معناها أنثى
رمز الكبريت , كب؛S , سيغما , سيجما , سيغما
second
رمز ثا , ثانية , رمز الاِنْحِرَافُ المِعْيَارِيّ ( الإحصاء)
Definition
Wikipedia
Koch's postulates ( KOKH) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884, based on earlier concepts described by Jakob Henle, and the statements were refined and published by Koch in 1890. Koch applied the postulates to describe the etiology of cholera and tuberculosis, both of which are now ascribed to bacteria. The postulates have been controversially generalized to other diseases. More modern concepts in microbial pathogenesis cannot be examined using Koch's postulates, including viruses (which are obligate intracellular parasites) and asymptomatic carriers. They have largely been supplanted by other criteria such as the Bradford Hill criteria for infectious disease causality in modern public health and the Molecular Koch's postulates for microbial pathogenesis.
