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dye laser - translation to arabic
![An [[atomic vapor laser isotope separation]] experiment at LLNL. Green light is from a copper vapor pump laser used to pump a highly tuned dye laser which is producing the orange light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AVLIS laser.jpg?width=200 "An [[atomic vapor laser isotope separation]] experiment at LLNL. Green light is from a copper vapor pump laser used to pump a highly tuned dye laser which is producing the orange light.")
![expand the beam]] in one direction, providing better illumination of a [[diffraction grating]]. Depending on the angle unwanted wavelengths are dispersed, so are used to tune the output of a dye laser, often to a linewidth of a fraction of an [[angstrom]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dual prism expander and grating reflector for a dye laser.jpg?width=200 "expand the beam]] in one direction, providing better illumination of a [[diffraction grating]]. Depending on the angle unwanted wavelengths are dispersed, so are used to tune the output of a dye laser, often to a linewidth of a fraction of an [[angstrom]].")
![A cuvette used in a dye laser. A thin sheet of liquid is passed between the windows at high speeds. The windows are set at [[Brewster's angle]] (air-to-glass interface) for the pump laser, and at Brewster's angle (liquid-to-glass interface) for the emitted beam.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cuvette for a dye laser.JPG?width=200 "A cuvette used in a dye laser. A thin sheet of liquid is passed between the windows at high speeds. The windows are set at [[Brewster's angle]] (air-to-glass interface) for the pump laser, and at Brewster's angle (liquid-to-glass interface) for the emitted beam.")
![[[Stokes shift]] in Rhodamine 6G during broadband absorption/emission. In laser operation, the Stokes shift is the difference between the pump wavelength and the output.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stokes shift- Rh6G.png?width=200 "[[Stokes shift]] in Rhodamine 6G during broadband absorption/emission. In laser operation, the Stokes shift is the difference between the pump wavelength and the output.")
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Definition
Wikipedia
A dye laser is a laser that uses an organic dye as the lasing medium, usually as a liquid solution. Compared to gases and most solid state lasing media, a dye can usually be used for a much wider range of wavelengths, often spanning 50 to 100 nanometers or more. The wide bandwidth makes them particularly suitable for tunable lasers and pulsed lasers. The dye rhodamine 6G, for example, can be tuned from 635 nm (orangish-red) to 560 nm (greenish-yellow), and produce pulses as short as 16 femtoseconds. Moreover, the dye can be replaced by another type in order to generate an even broader range of wavelengths with the same laser, from the near-infrared to the near-ultraviolet, although this usually requires replacing other optical components in the laser as well, such as dielectric mirrors or pump lasers.
Dye lasers were independently discovered by P. P. Sorokin and F. P. Schäfer (and colleagues) in 1966.
In addition to the usual liquid state, dye lasers are also available as solid state dye lasers (SSDL). These SSDL lasers use dye-doped organic matrices as gain medium.
