Translation and analysis of words by artificial intelligence
On this page you can get a detailed analysis of a word or phrase, produced by the best artificial intelligence technology to date:
- how the word is used
- frequency of use
- it is used more often in oral or written speech
- word translation options
- usage examples (several phrases with translation)
- etymology
kappa chain - translation to arabic
![five-cent coin]] taped to it as what it calls a "financial eye-catcher"](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chain Letter.jpg?width=200 "five-cent coin]] taped to it as what it calls a \"financial eye-catcher\"")
![Post card ad listing eight cities and towns where Dewachter Frères offered "[[ready-to-wear]] clothes and by measure for men and children," ca. 1885](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Post card ad Dewachter Freres clothing stores pre-1886.png?width=200 "Post card ad listing eight cities and towns where Dewachter Frères offered \"[[ready-to-wear]] clothes and by measure for men and children,\" ca. 1885")
![Subway]] franchise restaurant](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Subway restaurant in the basement of Raffles City Shopping Centre, Singapore - 20060529.jpg?width=200 "Subway]] franchise restaurant")
![W.H. Smith]] stall at [[Pickering railway station]] in North Yorkshire](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WH Smith, Pickering Station - geograph.org.uk - 2553628.jpg?width=200 "W.H. Smith]] stall at [[Pickering railway station]] in North Yorkshire")
Definition
Wikipedia
Fleiss' kappa (named after Joseph L. Fleiss) is a statistical measure for assessing the reliability of agreement between a fixed number of raters when assigning categorical ratings to a number of items or classifying items. This contrasts with other kappas such as Cohen's kappa, which only work when assessing the agreement between not more than two raters or the intra-rater reliability (for one appraiser versus themself). The measure calculates the degree of agreement in classification over that which would be expected by chance.
Fleiss' kappa can be used with binary or nominal-scale. It can also be applied to Ordinal data (ranked data): the MiniTab online documentation [1] gives an example. However, this document notes: "When you have ordinal ratings, such as defect severity ratings on a scale of 1–5, Kendall's coefficients, which account for ordering, are usually more appropriate statistics to determine association than kappa alone." Keep in mind however, that Kendall rank coefficients are only appropriate for rank data.
