Catalogne - translation to English
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Catalogne - translation to English

AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF SPAIN
Katalunia; Catalunya, Spain; Culture of Catalonia; Cataluña Autonomous Community; Cataluña Autonomous Community, Spain; Cataluna Autonomous Community, Spain; Catalogne; Autonomous Community of Catalonia; Catalunia; Southern Catalonia; Catalonia (Catalunya); Catalunya; Spanish Catalonia; Catalonic; C-13 (Carretera); C-13 (Road); Autonomous community of Catalonia; Catalonia (autonomous community); Autovía C-13; Cataluna; Cataluna Autonomous Community; Catalonha; Cataluyna; Catalonia, Spain; Catalonia (Spain); Etymology of Catalonia; Catalania; Catalonia (Autonomous Community); Climate of Catalonia; Geography of Catalonia; Cataluña; Fauna of Catalonia; Flora and fauna of Catalonia; Cataluña, Spain; Wildlife of Catalonia; ES-CT; Economy of Catalunya; Ports in Catalonia
  • monastery]]
  • Castell 4 de 9 amb folre i pilar by Colla Vella de Valls
  • [[Lake of Banyoles]]
  • Aerial view of Barcelona, Spain
  • Aerial view of Zona Franca and the Port of Barcelona, Spain
  • [[Ana María Matute]]
  • Eix del Llobregat}})
  • Olympic Stadium Lluís Companys]] of [[Barcelona]] during the [[1992 Summer Olympics]]
  • [[Besiberri]] in Catalan [[Pyrenees]]
  • Montseny brook newt (''[[Calotriton arnoldi]]''), [[endemic]] to the [[Montseny Massif]]
  • 5 pesetas note made by the [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]], 1936, Republican currency
  • Proclamation of the [[Second Spanish Republic]] on 14{{nbsp}}April{{nbsp}}1931 in Barcelona
  • Peach fields in [[Aitona]]
  • Administrative divisions of Catalonia
  • Catalonia products treemap, 2020
  • The [[Principality of Catalonia]] (1608)
  • [[Catalan Coastal Depression]] and other coastal and pre-coastal plains}}
}}
  • [[Third siege of Girona]] (1809), [[Peninsular War]] against Napoleon
  • Iberian]] Mediterranean Basin, a [[World Heritage Site]]
  • A 15th-century miniature of the Catalan Courts
  • center
  • Iberian]] fortress [[Els Vilars]] in [[Arbeca]]
  • ''[[Corpus de Sang]]'' (7 June 1640), one of the main events of the Reaper's War. Painted in 1910
  • The first [[Statute of Catalonia]], 1932
  • Gegants i capgrossos]]}} during the festa major of [[La Seu d'Urgell]]
  • [[Sitges Film Festival]] of 2009
  • link=Nuevo León
  • [[Francisco Franco]] in [[Reus]], 1940
  • [[Homilies d'Organyà]]}} by a century
  • Hug IV, count of Empúries, and Pero Maça during the conquest of Mallorca (1229)
  • [[Lluís Companys]], second president of the Generalitat of Catalonia between 1933 and 1940, executed by Franco's regime
  • continental influence]]}}
}}
  • ''Monument als castellers'' ([[Tarragona]])
  • ''Origins of the blason of the County of Barcelona'', by [[Claudi Lorenzale]]
  • [[Pa amb tomàquet]]}} (bread with tomato)
  • Catalan]]-speaking regions of Europe
  • President of the Generalitat of Catalonia]]
  • [[Petronilla of Aragon]] and [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona]], dynastic union of the [[Crown of Aragon]]
  • Industrial park in [[Castellbisbal]]
  • High-speed train (AVE)]] at [[Camp de Tarragona]]
  • [[Mercè Rodoreda]]
  • [[Rose window]] ([[Solsona Cathedral]])
  • Eix Macià, [[Sabadell]]
  • The Medieval church of [[Sant Climent de Taüll]], located at the foothills of the Pyrenees, in the province of Lleida
  • [[Sardana]]
  • Tragic Week]], 1909
  • Flag of Catalonia]]
  • 16px
  • 16px
  • 16px
  • 16px
  • Tourism]] plays an important role in the Catalan economy.
  • Logo of Televisió de Catalunya
  • A [[Roman aqueduct]] in [[Tarragona]]
  • Factories, [[La Pobla de Mafumet]], Tarragona
  • A tió exhibited at Plaça Sant Jaume in Barcelona in the 2010–2011 Christmas season.
  • Barcelona Airport]] tower
  • [[Tossa de Mar]], Costa Brava
  • [[Sagrada Família]], Barcelona

Catalogne         
Catalonia, region in northeastern Spain

Wikipedia

Catalonia

Catalonia (; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈluɲə, kataˈluɲa]; Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]; Occitan: Catalonha [kataˈluɲa]) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union. Current day Catalonia comprises most of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia (with the remainder Roussillon now part of France's Pyrénées-Orientales). It is bordered by France (Occitanie) and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south. The official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan.

In the late 8th century, various counties across the eastern Pyrenees were established by the Frankish kingdom as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions. In the 10th century, the County of Barcelona became progressively independent. In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. Within the Crown, the Catalan counties adopted a common polity, the Principality of Catalonia, developing its institutional system, such as Courts, Generalitat and constitutions, becoming the base for the Crown's Mediterranean trade and expansionism. In the later Middle Ages, Catalan literature flourished. In 1469, the king of Aragon and the queen of Castile were married and ruled their realms together, retaining all of their distinct institutions and legislation.

During the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Catalonia revolted (1640–1652) against a large and burdensome presence of the royal army, being briefly proclaimed a republic under French protection until it was largely reconquered by the Spanish army. By the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), the northern parts of Catalonia, mostly the Roussillon, were ceded to France. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), the Crown of Aragon sided against the Bourbon Philip V of Spain, but the Catalans were defeated with the fall of Barcelona on 11 September 1714. Philip V subsequently imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the Nueva Planta decrees which, like in the other realms of the Crown of Aragon, suppressed Catalan institutions and rights. As a consequence, Catalan as a language of government and literature was eclipsed by Spanish. Throughout the 18th century, Catalonia experienced economic growth.

In the 19th century, Catalonia was severely affected by the Napoleonic and Carlist Wars. In the second third of the century, it experienced industrialisation. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, it saw a cultural renaissance coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers' movements appeared. With the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), the Generalitat was restored as a Catalan autonomous government. After the Spanish Civil War, the Francoist dictatorship enacted repressive measures, abolishing Catalan self-government and banning the official use of the Catalan language. After a period of autarky, from the late 1950s through to the 1970s Catalonia saw rapid economic growth, drawing many workers from across Spain, making Barcelona one of Europe's largest industrial metropolitan areas and turning Catalonia into a major tourist destination. During the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalonia regained self-government and is now one of the most economically dynamic communities in Spain.

Since the 2010s, there has been growing support for Catalan independence. On 27 October 2017, the Catalan Parliament unilaterally declared independence following a referendum that was deemed unconstitutional by the Spanish state. The Spanish Senate voted in favour of enforcing direct rule by removing the Catalan government and calling a snap regional election. The Spanish Supreme Court imprisoned seven former ministers of the Catalan government on charges of rebellion and misuse of public funds, while several others—including then-President Carles Puigdemont—fled to other European countries. Those in prison were pardoned by the Spanish government in 2021.

Examples of use of Catalogne
1. Nouveau statut pour la Catalogne Le Parlement espagnol a approuvé jeudi par majorité la réforme du statut de la Catalogne.
2. En 2003, Rijkaard débarque en Catalogne, tout comme Ronaldinho, bientôt sacré meilleur joueur du monde.
3. Encore une fois, la Catalogne est ŕ l‘origine de cette dispute br$';lante.
4. Des photos du couple royal br$';lées sur la place publique en Catalogne par des républicains.
5. L‘origine de ce conflit fratricide provient justement de la tr';s nationaliste Catalogne.