Talmudic adage - translation to german
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Talmudic adage - translation to german

CENTER FOR JEWISH SCHOLARSHIP FROM THE 6TH TO 11TH CENTURY
Talmudic acadamies in Babylonia; Talmudic Academies in Babylonia; Talmudic academies in babylonia; Resh Kallah; Geonate
  • A depiction of Rabbi Ashi teaching at the Sura Academy

Talmudic adage      
talmudisches Strichwort (im Judentum)
talmudisches Sprichwort      
Talmudic adage
Talmud and Midrash         
  • Koren Talmud Bavli
  • tractate]] title, (11) the chapter number, (12), the chapter heading, (13), Rashi's commentary, (14) the [[Tosafot]], (15) the [[Mishnah]], (16) the [[Gemara]], (17) an editorial footnote.
  • An early printing of the Talmud ([[Ta'anit]] 9b); with commentary by [[Rashi]]
  • url=https://www.juedisches-museum.ch/en/provenance-research-is-always-an-adventure/}}</ref>
  • A full set of the Babylonian Talmud
  • A page of a medieval Jerusalem Talmud manuscript, from the [[Cairo Geniza]]
CENTRAL TEXT OF RABBINIC JUDAISM
Talmuds; Babylonian Talmud; Talmudic; Talmudist; Talmud and Midrash; Talmud Bavli; Talmudical; Talmudists; Talmudics; Babylonian Gemara; Talmud babli; Talmudic Law; Babylonian talmud; Talmud Babli; Talmudim; The Talmud; Burning of the Talmud; Burn of the Talmud; Talmudically; Talmudic scholar; Talmud Yevamot; Criticism of the Talmud; Talmudic period; Attacks on the Talmud; Attacks on the talmud; Talmud Commentaries; Talmud commentary; Talmūd; Libbre David; Rabbinic theology; B. Talmud; Talmudica; תַּלְמוּד; תלמוד; Talmudic commentaries; Talmudism; The Babylonian Talmud
Talmud und Midrasch (jüdische Sagen)

Definition

apothegm
n.
Maxim, saying, dictum, saw, proverb, aphorism, byword, sententious precept. See adage

Wikipedia

Talmudic academies in Babylonia

The Talmudic academies in Babylonia, also known as the Geonic academies, were the center for Jewish scholarship and the development of Halakha from roughly 589 to 1038 CE (Hebrew dates: 4349 AM to 4798 AM) in what is called "Babylonia" in Jewish sources, at the time otherwise known as Asōristān (under the Sasanian Empire) or Iraq (under the Muslim caliphate until the 11th century). It is neither geopolitically, nor geographically identical with the ancient empires of Babylonia, since the Jewish focus of interest has to do with the Jewish religious academies, which were mainly situated in an area between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates and primarily between Pumbedita (modern Fallujah, a town west of Baghdad), and Sura, a town farther south down the Euphrates.

The key work of these academies was the compilation of the Babylonian Talmud, started by Rav Ashi and Ravina, two leaders of the Babylonian Jewish community, around the year 550. Editorial work by the Savoraim or Rabbanan Savoraei (post-Talmudic rabbis), continued on this text for the next 250 years. In fact, much of the text did not reach its final form until around 700. The two most famous academies were located at Sura and Pumbedita; the Sura Academy was originally dominant, but its authority waned towards the end of the Geonic period and the Pumbedita Academy's Geonate gained ascendancy. Major yeshivot were also located at Nehardea and Mahuza (al-Mada'in).

For the Jews of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, the yeshivot of Babylonia served much the same function as the ancient Sanhedrin, i.e., as a council of Jewish religious authorities. The academies were founded in pre-Islamic Babylonia under the Zoroastrian Sasanians and were located not far from the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, which at that time was the largest city in the world. After the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century, the academies subsequently operated for four hundred years under the Islamic caliphate.

The first gaon of Sura, according to Sherira Gaon, was Mar Rab Mar, who assumed office in 609. The last gaon of Sura was Samuel ben Hofni, who died in 1034; the last gaon of Pumbedita was Hezekiah Gaon, who was tortured to death in 1040; hence the activity of the Geonim covers a period of nearly 450 years. The Geonim (Hebrew: גאונים) were the presidents of the two great rabbinical colleges of Sura and Pumbedita, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders of the worldwide Jewish community in the early Middle Ages, in contrast to the Resh Galuta (Exilarch) who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands.

The three centuries in the course of which the Babylonian Talmud was developed in the academies founded by Rav and Samuel were followed by five centuries during which it was zealously preserved, studied, expounded in the schools, and, through their influence, recognized by the whole diaspora. Sura and Pumbedita were considered the only important seats of learning: their heads and sages were the undisputed authorities, whose decisions were sought from all sides and were accepted wherever Jewish communal life existed.