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tundra$85686$ - translation to English
![Creole]] woman in the Aleutian Islands](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aleut.jpg?width=200 "Creole]] woman in the Aleutian Islands")
![[[Steller sea lion]]s haul out on [[Amak Island]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Amak Island, Steller's Sea Lion haul out.jpg?width=200 "[[Steller sea lion]]s haul out on [[Amak Island]]")
![Massacre Bay]], Attu Island during the [[Battle of Attu]], May 11, 1943](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attu landing craft on beach 1943.jpg?width=200 "Massacre Bay]], Attu Island during the [[Battle of Attu]], May 11, 1943")
![Attu village, [[Attu Island]] in June 1937](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attu village 1937.jpg?width=200 "Attu village, [[Attu Island]] in June 1937")
![Cape Promontory, Cape Lutkes on [[Unimak Island]] in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cape Promontory Cape Lutkes, Alaska. Cape Lutkes is part of the Aleutian Islands.JPG?width=200 "Cape Promontory, Cape Lutkes on [[Unimak Island]] in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.")
![A Creole winter home in [[Unalaska]], Aleutian Islands.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Das Innere einer Winterwohnung auf Unalaschka.jpg?width=200 "A Creole winter home in [[Unalaska]], Aleutian Islands.")
![crab boats]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dutch harbor crab boats.jpg?width=200 "crab boats]]")
![Transient [[orca]]s near Unimak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Killerwhales jumping.jpg?width=200 "Transient [[orca]]s near Unimak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands")
![[[Adak Island]]'s climate creates a [[tundra]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kuluk Bay, Adak, Alaska - panoramio.jpg?width=200 "[[Adak Island]]'s climate creates a [[tundra]]")
![Adak]], Adak Island](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Residences in Adak. Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska - panoramio.jpg?width=200 "Adak]], Adak Island")
![[[Unalaska Island]] in the Aleutian Islands.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UnalaskaAlaska.jpg?width=200 "[[Unalaska Island]] in the Aleutian Islands.")
![Image of the islands taken by the [[STS-56]] crew.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aleutians-space.jpg?width=200 "Image of the islands taken by the [[STS-56]] crew.")
![ASTER]] image of the islands.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alaska's Aleutian Island (ASTER).jpg?width=200 "ASTER]] image of the islands.")
![Aqua]] satellite.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aleutian Islands amo 2014135 lrg.jpg?width=200 "Aqua]] satellite.")
![Lightning-sparked wildfires are frequent occurrences during the dry summer season in [[Nevada]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2011-08-04 20 00 00 Susie Fire in the Adobe Range west of Elko Nevada.jpg?width=200 "Lightning-sparked wildfires are frequent occurrences during the dry summer season in [[Nevada]].")
![2003 Canberra firestorm]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ACTbushfire03.jpg?width=200 "2003 Canberra firestorm]]")
![boreal pine forest]] next to Hara Bog, [[Lahemaa National Park]], [[Estonia]]. The pictures were taken one and two years after the fire.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boreal pine forest after fire.JPG?width=200 "boreal pine forest]] next to Hara Bog, [[Lahemaa National Park]], [[Estonia]]. The pictures were taken one and two years after the fire.")
![Aerial view of deliberate wildfires on the [[Khun Tan Range]], [[Thailand]]. These fires are lit by local farmers every year to promote the growth of a certain mushroom](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Burning mountains Thailand.JPG?width=200 "Aerial view of deliberate wildfires on the [[Khun Tan Range]], [[Thailand]]. These fires are lit by local farmers every year to promote the growth of a certain mushroom")
![A dirt road acted as a fire barrier in [[South Africa]]. The effects of the barrier can clearly be seen on the unburnt (left) and burnt (right) sides of the road.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Comtrasts.jpg?width=200 "A dirt road acted as a fire barrier in [[South Africa]]. The effects of the barrier can clearly be seen on the unburnt (left) and burnt (right) sides of the road.")
![''[[Elk Bath]]'', an award winning photograph of elk avoiding a wildfire in [[Montana]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Deerfire high res.jpg?width=200 "''[[Elk Bath]]'', an award winning photograph of elk avoiding a wildfire in [[Montana]]")
![Dry Mountain Fire Lookout in the [[Ochoco National Forest]], [[Oregon]], circa 1930](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Drymountainlookout1930.jpg?width=200 "Dry Mountain Fire Lookout in the [[Ochoco National Forest]], [[Oregon]], circa 1930")
![North Cascades]], United States](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Forest fire aftermath.jpg?width=200 "North Cascades]], United States")
![Global fires during the year 2008 for the months of August (top image) and February (bottom image), as detected by the [[Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]] (MODIS) on NASA's [[Terra satellite]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Global Fires - August and February 2008.jpg?width=200 "Global fires during the year 2008 for the months of August (top image) and February (bottom image), as detected by the [[Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]] (MODIS) on NASA's [[Terra satellite]].")
![Global map of fire alerts on April 13, 2021. Available from [[Global Forest Watch]]. [https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/?map=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&menu=eyJtZW51U2VjdGlvbiI6IiIsImRhdGFzZXRDYXRlZ29yeSI6IiJ9 <u>Live updates</u>].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Global map of fire alerts April 13, 2021 screen dump from Global Forest Watch website.png?width=200 "Global map of fire alerts on April 13, 2021. Available from [[Global Forest Watch]]. [https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/?map=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&menu=eyJtZW51U2VjdGlvbiI6IiIsImRhdGFzZXRDYXRlZ29yeSI6IiJ9 <u>Live updates</u>].")
![A wildfire in [[Venezuela]] during a [[drought]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Incendio en Caracas (4515878847).jpg?width=200 "A wildfire in [[Venezuela]] during a [[drought]].")
![Smoke from the [[2020 California wildfires]] settles over [[San Francisco]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North Complex smoke in San Francisco - Bay Bridge and Financial District.jpg?width=200 "Smoke from the [[2020 California wildfires]] settles over [[San Francisco]]")
![A prescribed burn in a ''[[Pinus nigra]]'' stand in [[Portugal]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prescribed burn in a Pinus nigra stand in Portugal.JPG?width=200 "A prescribed burn in a ''[[Pinus nigra]]'' stand in [[Portugal]]")
![Forest fires visible from a distance in [[Dajti National Park]], [[Tirana]], [[Albania]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Priske 24.03.2019.jpg?width=200 "Forest fires visible from a distance in [[Dajti National Park]], [[Tirana]], [[Albania]]")
.svg?width=200 "Fire Propagation Model")
![2019–20 Australian bushfires]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prospect Hill bushfire.jpg?width=200 "2019–20 Australian bushfires]]).")
![National map of groundwater and soil moisture in the United States. It shows the very low soil moisture associated with the 2011 fire season in [[Texas]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USA Groundwater and Soil moisture Drought Map.jpg?width=200 "National map of groundwater and soil moisture in the United States. It shows the very low soil moisture associated with the 2011 fire season in [[Texas]].")
![url-status=live}} Data published by National Interagency Coordination Center; National Interagency Fire Center. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211011082005/https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics/wildfires archive of NIFC data])</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wildfire acres burned in the United States, OWID.svg?width=200 "url-status=live}} Data published by National Interagency Coordination Center; National Interagency Fire Center. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20211011082005/https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics/wildfires archive of NIFC data])</ref>")
![A surface fire in the western desert of [[Utah]], United States](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wildfire near Cedar Fort, Utah.jpg?width=200 "A surface fire in the western desert of [[Utah]], United States")
![Wildfires across the [[Balkans]] in late July 2007 ([[MODIS]] image)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wildfires Balkans July 2007-NASA.jpg?width=200 "Wildfires across the [[Balkans]] in late July 2007 ([[MODIS]] image)")
![Hopkinton]], New Hampshire](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wildland Firefighter.jpg?width=200 "Hopkinton]], New Hampshire")
Definition
Wikipedia
Tundra Publishing was a Northampton, Massachusetts-based comic book publisher founded by Kevin Eastman in 1990. The company was founded to provide a venue for adventurous, creator-owned work by talented cartoonists and illustrators. Its publications were noted in the trade for their high production values, including glossy paper stock, full-color printing, and square binding. Tundra was one of the earlier creator-owned companies, before the formation of Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics' Legends imprint.
Creators and projects involved with Tundra included Alan Moore and Bill Sienkiewicz's Big Numbers, Moore & Eddie Campbell's From Hell, Moore & Melinda Gebbie's Lost Girls (these last two original serialised in Stephen R. Bissette's Taboo anthology, which was also part-published by Tundra), The Crow, Mike Allred's Madman and Dave McKean's Cages.
Despite its ambitious start, Tundra never became a profitable enterprise. It closed its doors in 1993 after burning through $14 million in three years. Kitchen Sink Press acquired its holdings; it reprinted popular Tundra publications such as Understanding Comics and continued to publish some Tundra series such as Taboo.
