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Salk$71778$ - translation to English
![sugar cubes]] for use in a 1967 vaccination campaign in [[Bonn]], [[West Germany]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F025952-0015, Bonn, Gesundheitsamt, Schutzimpfung.jpg?width=200 "sugar cubes]] for use in a 1967 vaccination campaign in [[Bonn]], [[West Germany]]")
![[[Albert Sabin]] (right) with [[Robert Gallo]], ''circa'' 1985](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gallo, Robert C. and Sabin, Albert B.jpg?width=200 "[[Albert Sabin]] (right) with [[Robert Gallo]], ''circa'' 1985")
![Salk]] himself, in 1957 at the [[University of Pittsburgh]], where his team had developed the vaccine](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PittPolioVaccineCoL.jpg?width=200 "Salk]] himself, in 1957 at the [[University of Pittsburgh]], where his team had developed the vaccine")
![Mass polio vaccination in [[Columbus, Georgia]]'' circa'' 1961 for the National Polio Immunization Program](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polio immunization days PHIL 2445.png?width=200 "Mass polio vaccination in [[Columbus, Georgia]]'' circa'' 1961 for the National Polio Immunization Program")
![This 1963 poster featured CDC's national symbol of [[public health]], the "[[Wellbee]]", encouraging the public to receive an oral polio vaccine.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polio vaccine poster.jpg?width=200 "This 1963 poster featured CDC's national symbol of [[public health]], the \"[[Wellbee]]\", encouraging the public to receive an oral polio vaccine.")
![Example of OPV in [[dragee]] candy](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Poliomyelitis Vaccine Type I Type III in Dragee Candy (Human Diploid Cell), Live at PRC70 Exhibition (20191203153024).jpg?width=200 "Example of OPV in [[dragee]] candy")
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![Somali]] boy is injected with inactivated poliovirus vaccine ([[Mogadishu]], 1993)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Somali boy receives a polio vaccination.jpg?width=200 "Somali]] boy is injected with inactivated poliovirus vaccine ([[Mogadishu]], 1993)")
Wikipedia
Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio. The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world, and reduced the number of cases reported each year from an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 33 in 2018.
The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both types of vaccine are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. However, the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), a form of the vaccine virus that has reverted to causing poliomyelitis, has led to the development of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) which aims to make the vaccine safer and thus stop further outbreaks of cVDPV2.
The first successful demonstration of a polio vaccine was by Hilary Koprowski in 1950, with a live attenuated virus which people drank. The vaccine was not approved for use in the United States, but was used successfully elsewhere. The success of an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, was announced in 1955. Another attenuated live oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961.
Polio vaccine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
