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Fourier - translation to russian
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE
Fourier (disambiguation)
Fourier
общая лексика
Фурье-
fourier number
CHARACTERISTIC NUMBER FOR HEAT TRANSFER INTO A BODY
Fourier Number; Fourier number for mass transfer
физика
критерий Фурье
fourier series
![The [[atomic orbital]]s of [[chemistry]] are partially described by [[spherical harmonic]]s, which can be used to produce Fourier series on the [[sphere]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/F orbital.png?width=200 "The [[atomic orbital]]s of [[chemistry]] are partially described by [[spherical harmonic]]s, which can be used to produce Fourier series on the [[sphere]].")
![The first four partial sums of the Fourier series for a [[square wave]]. As more harmonics are added, the partial sums ''converge to'' (become more and more like) the square wave.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fourier Series.svg?width=200 "The first four partial sums of the Fourier series for a [[square wave]]. As more harmonics are added, the partial sums ''converge to'' (become more and more like) the square wave.")
![Four partial sums (Fourier series) of lengths 1, 2, 3, and 4 terms, showing how the approximation to a square wave improves as the number of terms increases [{{filepath:Fourier_series_square_wave_circle_animation.svg}} (animation)]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fourier_series_square_wave_circles_animation.gif?width=200 "Four partial sums (Fourier series) of lengths 1, 2, 3, and 4 terms, showing how the approximation to a square wave improves as the number of terms increases [{{filepath:Fourier_series_square_wave_circle_animation.svg}} (animation)]")
![Four partial sums (Fourier series) of lengths 1, 2, 3, and 4 terms, showing how the approximation to a sawtooth wave improves as the number of terms increases [{{filepath:Fourier_series_sawtooth_wave_circles_animation.svg}} (animation)]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fourier_series_sawtooth_wave_circles_animation.gif?width=200 "Four partial sums (Fourier series) of lengths 1, 2, 3, and 4 terms, showing how the approximation to a sawtooth wave improves as the number of terms increases [{{filepath:Fourier_series_sawtooth_wave_circles_animation.svg}} (animation)]")
![Example of convergence to a somewhat arbitrary function. Note the development of the "ringing" ([[Gibbs phenomenon]]) at the transitions to/from the vertical sections.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Example_of_Fourier_Convergence.gif ?width=200 "Example of convergence to a somewhat arbitrary function. Note the development of the \"ringing\" ([[Gibbs phenomenon]]) at the transitions to/from the vertical sections.")
DECOMPOSITION OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS INTO SUMS OF SIMPLER SINUSOIDAL FORMS
Fourier expansion; Fourier coefficient; Fourier mode; Fourier theorem; Fourier Theorem; Fourier coefficients; Fourier sine series; Fourier decomposition; Trigonometric sum; Fourier modes; Trigonometric approximation; Fourier's theorem; Normal Fourier modes; Hilbert Spaces and Fourier analysis; Examples of Fourier Series; Fouriers Series; Fourier Series; Continuous-time Fourier series; Complex Fourier series
общая лексика
ряд Фурье
Definition
ФУРЬЕ, ЖАН БАТИСТ ЖОЗЕФ
(Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph) (1768-1830), французский математик и физик. Родился 21 марта 1768 в Осере, где окончил Военную школу; работал там же. В 1796-1798 преподавал в Нормальной и Политехнической школах - двух новых высших учебных заведениях Парижа. В 1798 вместе с другими учеными принял участие в Египетском походе Наполеона. По возвращении во Францию в 1802 был назначен префектом департамента Изер со штаб-квартирой в Гренобле. Здесь Фурье написал свой основной труд - Аналитическая теория тепла (Thorie analytique de la chaleur, 1822), в котором изложена математическая теория теплопроводности. Эта теория послужила основой современных методов математической физики, относящихся к интегрированию уравнений в частных производных при заданных граничных условиях. Метод Фурье состоял в представлении функций в виде тригонометрических рядов (рядов Фурье) и нашел широкое применение в различных разделах физики и математики. Помимо этого, Фурье построил первую математическую теорию теплового излучения, впервые применил формулы размерностей. В 1823 независимо от Х.Эрстеда открыл термоэлектрический эффект, показал, что он обладает свойством суперпозиции, создал первый термоэлектрический элемент.
В 1808 Фурье получил титул барона и был награжден орденом Почетного легиона. В 1817 был избран членом Парижской Академии наук, с 1822 был ее секретарем. Состоял членом Петербургской Академии наук и Лондонского королевского общества.
Умер Фурье в Париже 16 мая 1830.
Examples of use of Fourier
1. Corbu‘s béton brut couldn‘t be cleaned, the metal–framed windows were hopelessly corroded, the electricity kept shorting out, the brise–soleils or concrete sunscreens were permanently foul with pigeon shit, the "shopping street" halfway up inside was locked and shuttered because ordinary French people prefer to do their marketing on real streets (an obvious aspect of social behaviour that eluded the intellectual grasp of the formgiver, who believed that folk ought to behave in accordance with the dotty authoritarian notions of idealist philosophes like Saint–Simon and Fourier). Saddest of all was the roof, which Corbu had imagined as a sort of concrete Acropolis dedicated to the cult of the sun and of physical culture, like a Greek palaestra, complete with pools and jogging track.
