Adjective
/ˌætrəˈbɪl.i.er.i/
The term "atrabiliary" is derived from Latin, describing a temperament characterized by irritability or anger, particularly one thought to be caused by an excess of black bile. While somewhat archaic and not commonly used in modern English, it relates to historical theories of humorism and personality types.
His atrabiliary disposition made him difficult to work with in collaborative projects.
Его атрабилиарное расположение делало его трудным партнером в совместных проектах.
The atrabiliary nature of the character in the novel added depth to the story.
Атрабилиарная природа персонажа в романе добавила глубины рассказу.
She often attributed her friend's atrabiliary remarks to stress rather than genuine animosity.
Она часто связывала атрабилиарные замечания своей подруги со стрессом, а не с искренней враждебностью.
While "atrabiliary" itself does not appear in widely recognized idiomatic expressions, concepts related to temperament can invoke some idiomatic phrases:
"To be in a black mood."
"Быть в черном настроении."
Meaning: to be very unhappy or irritable.
"To fly off the handle."
"Выйти из себя."
Meaning: to become suddenly and extremely angry.
"To have a short fuse."
"Иметь короткий fuse."
Meaning: to become angry very quickly.
"To bite someone's head off."
"Откусить кому-то голову."
Meaning: to respond to someone in a very angry way.
"To see red."
"Увидеть красное."
Meaning: to become very angry.
"Atrabiliary" comes from the Latin "atrabilis," which translates to "black bile." This term reflects the ancient medical theory of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) that were believed to affect a person's health and temperament.
In conclusion, while "atrabiliary" is not widely used today, its historical significance offers valuable insight into earlier understandings of personality and temperament.