Banyamulenge, also referred to as Nyamurenge and Banyamurenge (literally 'those who live in Mulenge') are a Tutsi community inhabiting the Democratic Republic of the Congo's South Kivu province. The Banyamulenge are culturally and socially distinct from the Tutsi of North Kivu, with most speaking Kinyamulenge, a mix of Kinyarwanda (official language of Rwanda) and Kirundi (spoken primarily in Burundi), with specific phonological and morphological features found in the two. Banyamulenge are often discriminated in the DRC due to their Tutsi phenotype, similar to that of people living in the Horn of Africa.

The ambiguous political and social position of the Banyamulenge has been a point of contention in the province, having played a key role in tensions during the run-up to the First Congo War in 1996–7 and Second Congo War of 1998–2003. The wars in the DRC caused more than 6 million lives, with casualties continuing in North Kivu and South Kivu.

In the late 1990s, political scientist René Lemarchand stated that the main ethnic groups claimed the Banyamulenge numbered around 50,000 to 70,000. Gérard Prunier quotes around 60,000–80,000, a figure of about 3–4 percent of the total provincial population. Lemarchand notes that the group represents "a rather unique case of ethnogenesis".