Virtual Circuits - significado y definición. Qué es Virtual Circuits
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Qué (quién) es Virtual Circuits - definición

MEANS OF TRANSPORTING DATA OVER A PACKET-SWITCHED NETWORK SO AS TO EMULATE A DEDICATED PHYSICAL LINK BETWEEN NODES
Permanent virtual circuit; Virtual call capability; Virtual circuit capability; Virtual call facility; Switched virtual circuit; Private virtual circuit; Virtual circuits; Virtual circuit switching; Virtual connection; WAN Virtual Circuits; Switched virtual circuits; Permanent virtual circuits; Virtual Circuit; Virtual channel (computer networking)

Virtual circuit         
A virtual circuit (VC) is a means of transporting data over a packet-switched network in such a way that it appears as though there is a dedicated physical link between the source and destination end systems of this data. The term virtual circuit is synonymous with virtual connection.
virtual circuit         
<networking> A connection-oriented network service which is implemented on top of a network which may be either connection-oriented or connectionless (packet switching). The term "switched virtual circuit" was coined needlessly to distinguish an ordinary virtual circuit from a {permanent virtual circuit}. (One of the perpetrators of this confusion appears to be ["Networking Essentials", 1996, Microsoft Press, ISBN 1-55615-806-8], a book aimed at people preparing for the MCSE exam on LANs and WANs). Not to be confused with switched virtual connection. (2001-10-26)
Permanent Virtual Circuit         
<networking> (PVC, or in ATM terminology, "Permanent Virtual Connection") A virtual circuit that is permanently established, saving the time associated with circuit establishment and tear-down. (1997-10-06)

Wikipedia

Virtual circuit

A virtual circuit (VC) is a means of transporting data over a data network, based on packet switching and in which a connection is established within the network between two endpoints. The network, rather than having a fixed data rate reservation per connection, like in circuit switching, takes advantage of the statistical multiplexing on its transmission links (an intrinsic feature of packet switching, well suited to data traffic). In addition, VCs standardized by the CCITT in 1976 impose per-connection flow controls at all user-to-network and network-to-network interfaces. They thus eliminate the need for the network to lose user packets in heavily loaded network zones, an intrinsic feature of datagram networks for their congestion control.

Before a connection or virtual circuit may be used, it must be established between two or more nodes or software applications by means of call setup. After that, a bit stream or byte stream may be delivered between the nodes; hence, a virtual circuit protocol allows higher-level protocols to avoid dealing with the division of data into Protocol data units.

Many virtual circuit protocols, but not all, provide reliable communication service through the use of data retransmissions invoked by error detection and automatic repeat request (ARQ).

An alternative to virtual-circuit networks are datagram networks.