logic - significado y definición. Qué es logic
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Qué (quién) es logic - definición

STUDY OF CORRECT REASONING
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  • [[Gottlob Frege]]'s ''[[Begriffschrift]]'' introduced the notion of quantifier in a graphical notation, which here represents the judgement that <math>\forall x. F(x)</math> is true.
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  • Formal logic needs to translate natural language arguments into a formal language, like first-order logic, in order to assess whether they are valid. In this example, the colors indicate how the English words correspond to the symbols.
  • Logic studies valid forms of inference like the [[modus ponens]].
  • The [[square of opposition]] is often used to visualize the relations between the four basic [[categorical propositions]] in Aristotelian logic. It shows, for example, that the propositions "All S are P" and "Some S are not P" are contradictory, meaning that one of them has to be true while the other is false.
  • Conjunction (AND) is one of the basic operations of boolean logic. It can be electronically implemented in several ways, for example, by using two [[transistor]]s.
  • Young America's dilemma: Shall I be wise and great, or rich and powerful? (poster from 1901) This is an example of a [[false Dilemma]]: an informal fallacy using a disjunctive premise that excludes viable alternatives.
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Logic         
·noun A treatise on logic; as, Mill's Logic.
II. Logic ·noun The science or art of exact reasoning, or of pure and formal thought, or of the laws according to which the processes of pure thinking should be conducted; the science of the formation and application of general notions; the science of generalization, judgment, classification, reasoning, and systematic arrangement; correct reasoning.
logic         
1.
Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which must be true if the statement before it is true.
Apart from criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic.
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2.
The logic of a conclusion or an argument is its quality of being correct and reasonable.
I don't follow the logic of your argument...
There would be no logic in upsetting the agreements.
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3.
A particular kind of logic is the way of thinking and reasoning about things that is characteristic of a particular type of person or particular field of activity.
The plan was based on sound commercial logic.
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logic         
1. <philosophy, mathematics> A branch of philosophy and mathematics that deals with the formal principles, methods and criteria of validity of inference, reasoning and knowledge. Logic is concerned with what is true and how we can know whether something is true. This involves the formalisation of logical arguments and proofs in terms of symbols representing propositions and logical connectives. The meanings of these logical connectives are expressed by a set of rules which are assumed to be self-evident. Boolean algebra deals with the basic operations of truth values: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. {Predicate logic} extends this with existential and universal quantifiers and symbols standing for predicates which may depend on variables. The rules of natural deduction describe how we may proceed from valid premises to valid conclusions, where the premises and conclusions are expressions in predicate logic. Symbolic logic uses a meta-language concerned with truth, which may or may not have a corresponding expression in the world of objects called existance. In symbolic logic, arguments and proofs are made in terms of symbols representing propositions and logical connectives. The meanings of these begin with a set of rules or primitives which are assumed to be self-evident. Fortunately, even from vague primitives, functions can be defined with precise meaning. Boolean logic deals with the basic operations of {truth values}: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. {Predicate logic} extends this with existential quantifiers and universal quantifiers which introduce bound variables ranging over finite sets; the predicate itself takes on only the values true and false. Deduction describes how we may proceed from valid premises to valid conclusions, where these are expressions in predicate logic. Carnap used the phrase "rational reconstruction" to describe the logical analysis of thought. Thus logic is less concerned with how thought does proceed, which is considered the realm of psychology, and more with how it should proceed to discover truth. It is the touchstone of the results of thinking, but neither its regulator nor a motive for its practice. See also fuzzy logic, logic programming, arithmetic and logic unit, first-order logic, See also Boolean logic, fuzzy logic, logic programming, first-order logic, logic bomb, combinatory logic, higher-order logic, intuitionistic logic, {equational logic}, modal logic, linear logic, paradox. 2. <electronics> Boolean logic circuits. See also arithmetic and logic unit, asynchronous logic, TTL. (1995-03-17)

Wikipedia

Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. It is a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises in a topic-neutral way. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a logical formal system that articulates a proof system. Formal logic contrasts with informal logic, which is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. While there is no general agreement on how formal and informal logic are to be distinguished, one prominent approach associates their difference with whether the studied arguments are expressed in formal or informal languages. Logic plays a central role in multiple fields, such as philosophy, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics.

Logic studies arguments, which consist of a set of premises together with a conclusion. Premises and conclusions are usually understood either as sentences or as propositions and are characterized by their internal structure; complex propositions are made up of simpler propositions linked to each other by propositional connectives like {\displaystyle \land } (and) or {\displaystyle \to } (if...then). The truth of a proposition usually depends on the denotations of its constituents. Logically true propositions constitute a special case, since their truth depends only on the logical vocabulary used in them and not on the denotations of other terms.

Arguments can be either correct or incorrect. An argument is correct if its premises support its conclusion. The strongest form of support is found in deductive arguments: it is impossible for their premises to be true and their conclusion to be false. Deductive arguments contrast with ampliative arguments, which may arrive in their conclusion at new information that is not present in the premises. However, it is possible for all their premises to be true while their conclusion is still false. Many arguments found in everyday discourse and the sciences are ampliative arguments, sometimes divided into inductive and abductive arguments. Inductive arguments usually take the form of statistical generalizations, while abductive arguments are inferences to the best explanation. Arguments that fall short of the standards of correct reasoning are called fallacies.

Systems of logic are theoretical frameworks for assessing the correctness of reasoning and arguments. Logic has been studied since antiquity; early approaches include Aristotelian logic, Stoic logic, Anviksiki, and the Mohists. Modern formal logic has its roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as Gottlob Frege. While Aristotelian logic focuses on reasoning in the form of syllogisms, in the modern era its traditional dominance was replaced by classical logic, a set of fundamental logical intuitions shared by most logicians. It consists of propositional logic, which only considers the logical relations on the level of propositions, and first-order logic, which also articulates the internal structure of propositions using various linguistic devices, such as predicates and quantifiers. Extended logics accept the basic intuitions behind classical logic and extend it to other fields, such as metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology. Deviant logics, on the other hand, reject certain classical intuitions and provide alternative accounts of the fundamental laws of logic.

Ejemplos de uso de logic
1. "We are trying to force our logic on the logic of the adversary.
2. This isn‘t logic by our standards, but it is logic by the standards of Burma‘s leaders.
3. "What constitutes logic in one society does not necessarily constitute logic in another.
4. Such reference books as "Elements of Logic", "Exercises of Logic" and "Music" have also been issued.
5. Based on ‘C‘ language and java, the software uses artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic for its logic portion.