Traduction et analyse de mots par intelligence artificielle ChatGPT
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lands of dispersion - traduction vers néerlandais
![Arda began as a symmetrical flat disc, and was repeatedly transformed through cataclysmic interventions by the [[Valar]] and by the creator, [[Eru Ilúvatar]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arda in the Ages of the Lamps.svg?width=200 "Arda began as a symmetrical flat disc, and was repeatedly transformed through cataclysmic interventions by the [[Valar]] and by the creator, [[Eru Ilúvatar]].")
![Aman]], while Arda is the name of the world. However, "Middle-earth" is widely used for the whole of [[Tolkien's legendarium]].<ref name="Bratman 2013"/> (Depicted: Arda in the [[Years of the Trees]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arda in the Years of the Trees.svg?width=200 "Aman]], while Arda is the name of the world. However, \"Middle-earth\" is widely used for the whole of [[Tolkien's legendarium]].<ref name=\"Bratman 2013\"/> (Depicted: Arda in the [[Years of the Trees]])")
!["[[A Map of Middle-earth]]" by [[Pauline Baynes]], 1970. This map depicts only the north-west of the continent of Middle-earth.<ref name="Hammond Anderson 1993"/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Baynes-Map of Middle-earth.jpg?width=200 "\"[[A Map of Middle-earth]]\" by [[Pauline Baynes]], 1970. This map depicts only the north-west of the continent of Middle-earth.<ref name=\"Hammond Anderson 1993\"/>")
![Medieval [[Christian cosmology]]: [[heaven]] above, earth in the middle, [[hell]] below.<ref name="Khoddam Fisher 2012"/> [[Vank Cathedral]], Isfahan.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vank Cathedral, Isfahan - Heaven, Earth, Hell.jpg?width=200 "Medieval [[Christian cosmology]]: [[heaven]] above, earth in the middle, [[hell]] below.<ref name=\"Khoddam Fisher 2012\"/> [[Vank Cathedral]], Isfahan.")
Définition
Wikipédia
In the physical sciences and electrical engineering, dispersion relations describe the effect of dispersion on the properties of waves in a medium. A dispersion relation relates the wavelength or wavenumber of a wave to its frequency. Given the dispersion relation, one can calculate the phase velocity and group velocity of waves in the medium, as a function of frequency. In addition to the geometry-dependent and material-dependent dispersion relations, the overarching Kramers–Kronig relations describe the frequency dependence of wave propagation and attenuation.
Dispersion may be caused either by geometric boundary conditions (waveguides, shallow water) or by interaction of the waves with the transmitting medium. Elementary particles, considered as matter waves, have a nontrivial dispersion relation even in the absence of geometric constraints and other media.
In the presence of dispersion, wave velocity is no longer uniquely defined, giving rise to the distinction of phase velocity and group velocity.
