Refine - définition. Qu'est-ce que Refine
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est Refine - définition

PROCESS OF PURIFICATION
Refined resource; Refine; Refines; Affined; Affining

refine         
v. (d; intr.) to refine on, upon ('to improve') (to refine on a method)
refine         
(refines, refining, refined)
1.
When a substance is refined, it is made pure by having all other substances removed from it.
Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities.
VERB: usu passive, be V-ed
refining
...oil refining.
N-UNCOUNT
2.
If something such as a process, theory, or machine is refined, it is improved by having small changes made to it.
Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.
= improve
VERB: usu passive, be V-ed
refine         
¦ verb
1. remove impurities or unwanted elements from.
2. make minor changes so as to improve (a theory or method).
3. [as adjective refined] elegant and cultured.
Derivatives
refiner noun
Origin
C16: from re- + the verb fine1, influenced by Fr. raffiner.

Wikipédia

Refining

Refining (also perhaps called by the mathematical term affining) is the process of purification of a (1) substance or a (2) form. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and by-products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of ore to metal (for which see Refining (metallurgy)).

The refining of liquids is often accomplished by distillation or fractionation; this process is useful, for example, for isolating different fractions of petroleum. Gases can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by extraction with a selective solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.

Many solids can be refined by growing crystals in a solution of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.

Chemical reactions are often used to remove impurities of particular types.

The use of silicon and other semiconductors in electronics depends on precise control of impurities. The zone melting process developed by William Gardner Pfann was used to produce pure germanium, and subsequently float-zone silicon became available when Henry Theuerer of Bell Labs adapted Pfann's method to silicon.

Types of materials that are usually refined:

  • metals (see Refining (metallurgy)
  • petroleum (see Oil refinery)
  • silicon
  • sugar (see Sugar refinery)
  • flour (see Gristmill)
  • table salt
  • vegetable oil (see Food oil refinement for food use and Vegetable oil refining for biofuel use)
  • air
  • glass
Exemples du corpus de texte pour Refine
1. Iran says it wants to refine uranium only for electricity.
2. Insurgents continue to refine their bomb– making techniques.
3. "We will continue to refine, improve and upgrade our preparedness."
4. They have time to refine them before the voters need to become overinvolved.
5. And then it‘s a bit like sugar÷ we can refine them." But who knows?