morpheme - définition. Qu'est-ce que morpheme
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est morpheme - définition

SMALLEST LINGUISTIC UNIT WITHIN A WORD THAT CAN CARRY A MEANING
Morphemes; Morpho-syntactic; Derivational morpheme; Morphemic; Moneme; Morpgeme; Derivational morphemes; Inflectional morphemes

morpheme         
(morphemes)
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language. The words 'the', 'in', and 'girl' consist of one morpheme. The word 'girls' consists of two morphemes: 'girl' and 's'.
N-COUNT
morpheme         
['m?:fi:m]
¦ noun Linguistics a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming).
Derivatives
morphemic adjective
morphemically adverb
Origin
C19: from Fr. morpheme, from Gk morphe 'form', on the pattern of Fr. phoneme 'phoneme'.
Null morpheme         
MORPHEME WHOSE REALIZATION IS NOT REFLECTED IN PRONUNCIATION OR ORTHOGRAPHY; USUALLY MARKED AS "∅" IN MORPHEMIC ANALYSES
Zero morpheme; Zero-form morpheme; Zero morph; Zero suffix
In morphology, a null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix.

Wikipédia

Morpheme

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful constituent of a linguistic expression. The field of linguistic study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology.

In English, morphemes are often but not necessarily words. Morphemes that stand alone are considered roots (such as the morpheme cat); other morphemes, called affixes, are found only in combination with other morphemes. For example, the -s in cats indicates the concept of plurality but is always bound to another concept to indicate a specific kind of plurality.

This distinction is not universal and does not apply to, for example, Latin, in which many roots cannot stand alone. For instance, the Latin root reg- (‘king’) must always be suffixed with a case marker: rex (reg-s), reg-is, reg-i, etc. For a language like Latin, a root can be defined as the main lexical morpheme of a word.

These sample English words have the following morphological analyses:

  • "Unbreakable" is composed of three morphemes: un- (a bound morpheme signifying "not"), break (the root, a free morpheme), and -able (a bound morpheme signifying "an ability to be done").
  • The plural morpheme for regular nouns (-s) has three allomorphs: it is pronounced /s/ (e.g., in cats ), /ɪz, əz/ (e.g., in dishes ), and /z/ (e.g., in dogs ), depending on the pronunciation of the root.