vacuum tubes - définition. Qu'est-ce que vacuum tubes
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Qu'est-ce (qui) est vacuum tubes - définition

DEVICE THAT CONTROLS ELECTRIC CURRENT BETWEEN ELECTRODES IN AN EVACUATED CONTAINER
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  • Voltage-regulator tube in operation. Low-pressure gas within tube glows due to current flow.
  • 11 mm diameter}}
  • Metal-cased tubes with octal bases
  • Whirlwind]]
  • Tube tester manufactured in 1930.
  • 10 mm diameter}} (excluding leads)
  • Batteries for a vacuum-tube circuit. The C battery is highlighted.
  • 150 kW}} of power
  • One of Edison's experimental bulbs
  • Beam power tube designed for radio frequency use.  The tube plugs in to a socket that creates an air-tight seal around the outer periphery.  A blower and duct work in the chassis force air through the tube's fins to carry away heat.  This type of tube is sometimes referred to as a “doorknob” tube, owing to its shape and size.
  • Later thermionic vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style, some with top cap connections for higher voltages
  • Fleming's first diodes
  • Vacuum tubes seen on end in a recreation of the World War II-era [[Colossus computer]] at [[Bletchley Park]], England
  • Triode tube type GS-9B; designed for use at radio frequencies up to 2000 MHz and rated for 300 watts anode power dissipation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210225190032/http://www.gstube.com/data/1450/ GS-9B Oscillator Ultra-High Frequency Triode] Archived 25 Feb. 2021</ref> The finned heat sink provides conduction of heat from anode to air stream.
  • General Electric Company Pliotron, [[Science History Institute]]
  • Getter in opened tube; silvery deposit from getter
  • The pentagrid converter contains five grids between the cathode and the plate (anode)
  • u=W}} of heat
  • Dead vacuum fluorescent display (air has leaked in and the getter spot has become white)
  • 70-watt tube-hybrid audio amplifier
  • Audio power amplifier using tubes, in operation. Red-orange glow is from heated filaments.
  • The useful region of operation of the screen grid tube (tetrode) as an amplifier is limited to anode potentials in the straight portions of the characteristic curves greater than the screen grid potential.
  • Tetrode symbol. From top to bottom: plate (anode), screen grid, control grid, cathode, heater (filament).
  • Triode symbol. From top to bottom: plate (anode), control grid, cathode, heater (filament)
  • Typical Triode Plate Characteristics
  • The first triode, the de Forest [[Audion]], invented in 1906
  • Triodes as they evolved over 40 years of tube manufacture, from the RE16 in 1918 to a 1960s era miniature tube
  • Universal vacuum tube tester
  • Commercial packaging for vacuum tubes used in the latter half of the 20th century including boxes for individual tubes (bottom right), sleeves for rows of the boxes (left), and bags that smaller tubes would be put in by a store upon purchase (top right)
  • 20.4 mm}} in diameter.
  • Radio station signal generator with vacuum tubes

vacuum tube         
vacuum tube         
¦ noun a sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current.
Vacuum tube         
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America),John Algeo, "Types of English heteronyms", p. 23 in, Edgar Werner Schneider (ed), Englishes Around the World: General studies, British Isles, North America, John Benjamins Publishing, 1997 .

Wikipédia

Vacuum tube

A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.

The type known as a thermionic tube or thermionic valve utilizes thermionic emission of electrons from a hot cathode for fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. Non-thermionic types such as a vacuum phototube, however, achieve electron emission through the photoelectric effect, and are used for such purposes as the detection of light intensities. In both types, the electrons are accelerated from the cathode to the anode by the electric field in the tube.

The simplest vacuum tube, the diode (i.e. Fleming valve), invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, contains only a heated electron-emitting cathode and an anode. Electrons can only flow in one direction through the device—from the cathode to the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grids.

These devices became a key component of electronic circuits for the first half of the twentieth century. They were crucial to the development of radio, television, radar, sound recording and reproduction, long-distance telephone networks, and analog and early digital computers. Although some applications had used earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter for radio or mechanical computers for computing, it was the invention of the thermionic vacuum tube that made these technologies widespread and practical, and created the discipline of electronics.

In the 1940s, the invention of semiconductor devices made it possible to produce solid-state devices, which are smaller, more efficient, reliable, durable, safer, and more economical than thermionic tubes. Beginning in the mid-1960s, thermionic tubes were being replaced by the transistor. However, the cathode-ray tube (CRT) remained the basis for television monitors and oscilloscopes until the early 21st century.

Thermionic tubes are still used in some applications, such as the magnetron used in microwave ovens, certain high-frequency amplifiers, amplifiers for electric musical instruments such as guitars, as well as high end audio amplifiers, which many audio enthusiasts prefer for their "warmer" tube sound.

Not all electronic circuit valves / electron tubes are vacuum tubes. Gas-filled tubes are similar devices, but containing a gas, typically at low pressure, which exploit phenomena related to electric discharge in gases, usually without a heater.

Exemples du corpus de texte pour vacuum tubes
1. Is my voice not clear through this rickety sequence of vacuum tubes?
2. According to Matthews, only two other factories in the world are still mass–producing vacuum tubes.
3. For example: "Where a calculator on the ENIAC is equipped with 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons, computers in the future may have only 1,000 vacuum tubes and perhaps weigh 1–1/2 tons." – Popular Mechanics, 1'4'. "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." – Thomas John Watson, IBM chairman, 1'43.
4. Most important, while Apollo was born during the waning days of vacuum tubes, the new program will benefit from 45 years of advancements in computer science.
5. Kilbys integrated circuit replaced the transistors that had themselves replaced the ordinary vacuum tubes (radio valves, as they were called in those days) used in the first computers.