Commodore 1581 - definizione. Che cos'è Commodore 1581
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Cosa (chi) è Commodore 1581 - definizione

3.5" FLOPPY DISK DRIVE FOR C64/C128
C1581; .d81; D81

Commodore 1581         
<storage> Commodore Business Machines's 3.5 inch {disk drive} for the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128. The drive stores 800 kilobytes using an MFM format which is different from both messy-dos 720 kb, and the Amiga 880 kb formats. The 1581 supports a poor imitation of directories which are really just partitions and largely unused. It also supports burst loading like the Commodore 1571, but is actually faster as it is better designed. It has 3160 blocks free when formatted. The 1581 is the highest density C64 serial bus drive made by Commodore. However Creative Micro Designs (CMD) make the FD2000 (1.6MB) and (until recently) the FD4000 (3.2MB) 3.5" disk drives. GEOS users like 1581s as they are very fast when used with GEOS. See also Commodore 1541, Commodore 1571. (1998-12-23)
Commodore Business Machines         
  • Amiga CD32 (1993)
  • Amiga 500 (1987)
  • PCB]] was an extraordinary attempt of cost saving by Commodore, which probably failed due to technical problems.<ref>Plus4world.com: [http://plus4world.powweb.com/forum/34360/ Bil Herd: About the Commodore 16 prototype]. Retrieved August 13, 2017</ref>
  • Commodore logo (1965–1984)
  • Commodore 64 (1982)
  • Commodore 64 Web-it PC
  • The Computer History Museum]]
  • Commodore's logo dubbed the "Chicken Lips"
  • Minuteman MM3S
  • Commodore PC20 (1992)
  • Commodore PET 2001 (1977)
  • Commodore PR-100 programmable calculator
FORMER NORTH AMERICAN HOME COMPUTER AND ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURER
Commodore Business Machines; Commodore computers; Commodore computer; Commodore 9290; Commodore International Corporation; Commodore international corporation; C=; Yeahronimo Media Ventures; Gravel (media player); Commodore international; Commodore Canada; Commodore Business Machines, Inc.; Commodore Business Machines Limited; Commodore Büromaschinen GmbH; Commodore Japan Limited; Commodore Electronics (Hong Kong) Ltd.; Commodore Japan; Commodore Electronics; Commodore International Limited; Commodore Portable Typewriter Company; Commodore (company); Commodore International, Ltd.; CBM (company); CBM (computer manufacturer); Commodore Business Machines (UK) Limited; Commodore Business Machines (UK); Commodore Büromaschinen; Commodore Electronics (Hong Kong); Commodore Bueromaschinen GmbH; Commodore Bueromaschinen; Commodore Buromaschinen GmbH; Commodore Buromaschinen; Commodore International Corp; Commodore Business Machines Incorporated; Commodore Business Machines Inc.; Commodore Business Machines Inc; Commodore Business Machines, Inc
<company> (CBM) Makers of the PET, Commodore 64, Commodore 16, Commodore 128, and Amiga {personal computers}. Their logo is a chicken head. On 1994-04-29, Commodore International announced that it had been unable to renegotiate terms of outstanding loans and was closing down the business. Commodore US was expected to go into liquidation. Commodore US, France, Spain, and Belgium were liquidated for various reasons. The names Commodore and Amiga were maintained after the liquidation. On 1995-04-21, German retailer Escom AG bought Commodore International for $14m and production of the Amiga resumed. Tulip Computers took over the brand in the Netherlands. Production of the 8-bit range alledgedly never stopped during the time in liquidation because a Chinese company were producing the C64 in large numbers for the local market there. In 2004, Tulip sold the Commodore name to another Dutch firm, Yeahronimo. In April 2008 three creditors took the company to court demanding a bankruptcy ruling. (2008-04-21)
Consolidated Commodore         
  • Consolidated Commodore cabin
AIRLINER FLYING BOAT FAMILY BY CONSOLIDATED
Consolidated Aircraft Commodore; Consolidated PY; PY Admiral; Consolidated Model 16; Consolidated Model 16 Commodore; Consolidated Model 9; Consolidated PY Admiral; Consolidated XPY-1; Consolidated 16 Commodore
The Consolidated Commodore was an American flying boat built by Consolidated Aircraft and used for passenger travel in the 1930s, mostly in the Caribbean, operated by companies like Pan American Airways.

Wikipedia

Commodore 1581

The Commodore 1581 is a 3½-inch double-sided double-density floppy disk drive that was released by Commodore Business Machines (CBM) in 1987, primarily for its C64 and C128 home/personal computers. The drive stores 800 kilobytes using an MFM encoding but formats different from the MS-DOS (720 kB), Amiga (880 kB), and Mac Plus (800 kB) formats. With special software it's possible to read C1581 disks on an x86 PC system, and likewise, read MS-DOS and other formats of disks in the C1581 (using Big Blue Reader), provided that the PC or other floppy handles the "720 kB" size format. This capability was most frequently used to read MS-DOS disks. The drive was released in the summer of 1987 and quickly became popular with bulletin board system (BBS) operators and other users.

Like the 1541 and 1571, the 1581 has an onboard MOS Technology 6502 CPU with its own ROM and RAM, and uses a serial version of the IEEE-488 interface. Inexplicably, the drive's ROM contains commands for parallel use, although no parallel interface was available. Unlike the 1571, which is nearly 100% backward-compatible with the 1541, the 1581 is only compatible with previous Commodore drives at the DOS level and cannot utilize software that performs low-level disk access (as the vast majority of Commodore 64 games do).

The version of Commodore DOS built into the 1581 added support for partitions, which could also function as fixed-allocation subdirectories. PC-style subdirectories were rejected as being too difficult to work with in terms of block availability maps, then still much in vogue, and which for some time had been the traditional way of inquiring into block availability. The 1581 supports the C128's burst mode for fast disk access, but not when connected to an older Commodore machine like the Commodore 64. The 1581 provides a total of 3160 blocks free when formatted (a block being equal to 256 bytes). The number of permitted directory entries was also increased, to 296 entries. With a storage capacity of 800 kB, the 1581 is the highest-capacity serial-bus drive that was ever made by Commodore (the 1-MB SFD-1001 uses the parallel IEEE-488), and the only 3½" one. However, starting in 1991, Creative Micro Designs (CMD) made the FD-2000 high density (1.6 MB) and FD-4000 extra-high density (3.2 MB) 3½" drives, both of which offered not only a 1581-emulation mode but also 1541- and 1571-compatibility modes.

Like the 1541 and 1571, a nearly identical job queue is available to the user in zero page (except for job 0), providing for exceptional degrees of compatibility.

Unlike the cases of the 1541 and 1571, the low-level disk format used by the 1581 is similar enough to the MS-DOS format as the 1581 is built around a WD1770 FM/MFM floppy controller chip. The 1581 disk format consists of 80 tracks and ten 512 byte sectors per track, used as 20 logical sectors of 256 bytes each. Special software is required to read 1581 disks on a PC due to the different file system. An internal floppy drive and controller are required as well; USB floppy drives operate strictly at the file system level and do not allow low-level disk access. The WD1770 controller chip, however, was the seat of some early problems with 1581 drives when the first production runs were recalled due to a high failure rate; the problem was quickly corrected. Later versions of the 1581 drive have a smaller, more streamlined-looking external power supply provided with them.