IBM 704 - definizione. Che cos'è IBM 704
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Cosa (chi) è IBM 704 - definizione

COMPUTER
  • NACA]] in 1957
  • IBM 704 at the [[Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci]], Milan

IBM 704         
<computer> A large, scientific computer made by IBM and used by the largest commercial, government and educational institutions. The IBM 704 had 36-bit memory words, 15-bit addresses and instructions with one address. A few index register instructions had the infamous 15-bit decrement field in addition to the 15-bit address. The 704, and IBM 709 which had the same basic architecture, represented a substantial step forward from the IBM 650's magnetic drum storage as they provided random access at electronic speed to core storage, typically 32k words of 36 bits each. [Or did the 704 actually come *before* the 650?] A typical 700 series installation would be in a specially built room of perhaps 1000 to 2000 square feet, with cables running under a raised floor and substantial air conditioning. There might be up to eight magnetic tape transports, each about 3 x 3 x 6 feet, on one or two "channels." The 1/2 inch tape had seven tracks and moved at 150 inches per second, giving a read/write speed of 15,000 six bit characters (plus parity) per second. In the centre would be the operator's console consisting of cabinets and tables for storage of tapes and boxes of cards; and a card reader, a card punch, and a line printer, each perhaps 4 x 4 x 5 feet in dimension. Small jobs could be entered via punched cards at the console, but as a rule the user jobs were transferred from cards to magnetic tape by off-line equipment and only control information was entered at the console (see SPOOL). Before each job, the operating system was loaded from a read-only system tape (because the system in core could have been corrupted by the previous user), and then the user's program, in the form of card images on the input tape, would be run. Program output would be written to another tape (typically on another channel) for printing off-line. Well run installations would transfer the user's cards to tape, run the job, and print the output tape with a turnaround time of one to four hours. The processing unit typically occupied a position symmetric but opposite the operator's console. Physically the largest of the units, it included a glass enclosure a few feet in dimension in which could be seen the "core" about one foot on each side. The 36-bit word could hold two 18-bit addresses called the "Contents of the Address Register" (CAR) and the "Contents of the Decrement Register" (CDR). On the opposite side of the floor from the tape drives and operator's console would be a desk and bookshelves for the ever-present (24 hours a day) "field engineer" dressed in, you guessed it, a grey flannel suit and tie. The maintenance of the many thousands of vacuum tubes, each with limited lifetime, and the cleaning, lubrication, and adjustment of mechanical equipment, was augmented by a constant flow of bug reports, change orders to both hardware and software, and hand-holding for worried users. The 704 was oriented toward scientific work and included floating point hardware and the first Fortran implementation. Its hardware was the basis for the requirement in some programming languages that loops must be executed at least once. The IBM 705 was the business counterpart of the 704. The 705 was a decimal machine with a circular register which could hold several variables (numbers, values) at the same time. Very few 700 series computers remained in service by 1965, but the IBM 7090, using transistors but similar in logical structure, remained an important machine until the production of the earliest integrated circuits. [Was the 704 scientific, business or general purpose? Difference between 704 and 709?] (1996-01-24)
IBM 705         
MAINFRAME COMPUTER SYSTEMS MADE BY IBM THROUGH THE 1950S AND EARLY 1960S
FORTRAN Assembly Program; IBM700; Ibm 700; IBM 7000; IBM 7010; IBM 705; IBM 704/9/90 FORTRAN Assembly Program; IBM 700; IBM 700 series; IBM 7000 series; FAP assembly
<computer> A business-oriented counterpart of the IBM 704. The 705 was a decimal machine with a circular register which could hold several values at the same time. Languages incuded ACOM, Autocode, ELI, PRINT, {PRINT I}, SOHIO, SYMBOLIC ASSEMBLY. (2000-06-01)
IBM 700 series         
MAINFRAME COMPUTER SYSTEMS MADE BY IBM THROUGH THE 1950S AND EARLY 1960S
FORTRAN Assembly Program; IBM700; Ibm 700; IBM 7000; IBM 7010; IBM 705; IBM 704/9/90 FORTRAN Assembly Program; IBM 700; IBM 700 series; IBM 7000 series; FAP assembly
<computer> A family of computers made by IBM, including the IBM 701, IBM 702, IBM 704, IBM 705 and IBM 709. (2005-06-20)

Wikipedia

IBM 704

The IBM 704 is a large digital mainframe computer introduced by IBM in 1954. It was the first mass-produced computer with hardware for floating-point arithmetic. The IBM 704 Manual of operation states:

The type 704 Electronic Data-Processing Machine is a large-scale, high-speed electronic calculator controlled by an internally stored program of the single address type.

The 704 at that time was thus regarded as "pretty much the only computer that could handle complex math". The 704 was a significant improvement over the earlier IBM 701 in terms of architecture and implementation. Like the 701, the 704 uses vacuum-tube logic circuitry, but increased the instruction size from 18-bit to 36-bit, the same as the memory's word size. Changes from the 701 include the use of magnetic-core memory instead of Williams tubes, floating-point arithmetic instructions, 15-bit addressing and the addition of three index registers. To support these new features, the instructions were expanded to use the full 36-bit word. The new instruction set, which is not compatible with the 701, became the base for the "scientific architecture" subclass of the IBM 700/7000 series computers.

The 704 can execute up to 12,000 floating-point additions per second. IBM produced 123 type 704 systems between 1955 and 1960.