In linear algebra, the Frobenius companion matrix of the monic polynomial

${\displaystyle p(t)=c_{0}+c_{1}t+\cdots +c_{n-1}t^{n-1}+t^{n}~,}$

is the square matrix defined as

${\displaystyle C(p)={\begin{bmatrix}0&0&\dots &0&-c_{0}\\1&0&\dots &0&-c_{1}\\0&1&\dots &0&-c_{2}\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots &\vdots \\0&0&\dots &1&-c_{n-1}\end{bmatrix}}}$.

Some authors use the transpose of this matrix, which (dually) cycles coordinates, and is more convenient for some purposes, like linear recurrence relations.