Fisher's z-distribution is the statistical distribution of half the logarithm of an F-distribution variate:

${\displaystyle z={\frac {1}{2}}\log F}$

It was first described by Ronald Fisher in a paper delivered at the International Mathematical Congress of 1924 in Toronto. Nowadays one usually uses the F-distribution instead.

The probability density function and cumulative distribution function can be found by using the F-distribution at the value of ${\displaystyle x'=e^{2x}\,}$. However, the mean and variance do not follow the same transformation.

The probability density function is

${\displaystyle f(x;d_{1},d_{2})={\frac {2d_{1}^{d_{1}/2}d_{2}^{d_{2}/2}}{B(d_{1}/2,d_{2}/2)}}{\frac {e^{d_{1}x}}{\left(d_{1}e^{2x}+d_{2}\right)^{(d_{1}+d_{2})/2}}},}$

where B is the beta function.

When the degrees of freedom becomes large (${\displaystyle d_{1},d_{2}\rightarrow \infty }$) the distribution approaches normality with mean

${\displaystyle {\bar {x}}={\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {1}{d_{2}}}-{\frac {1}{d_{1}}}\right)}$

and variance

${\displaystyle \sigma _{x}^{2}={\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {1}{d_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{d_{2}}}\right).}$