auxotrophic mutation - tradução para árabe
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  3. auxotrophic mutation

auxotrophic mutation - tradução para árabe

PHENOTYPE SHOWING DEPENDENCY ON ENVIRONMENT FOR A SPECIFIC NUTRIENT
Auxotroph; Auxotrophic; Prototrophy; Prototrophic; Prototroph; Auxotrophic mutant; Auxotrophs
  • This is a visual depiction of what conditions would allow for an auxotroph (top row of media: Colonies Auxotrophic to Arginine) compared to colonies that exhibit prototrophy (bottom row of media).
  • Fig 2C Table summarizing and relating information from examples in Fig 2A and 2B.
  • Colonies A, B, C, and D plated on different media to test auxotrophy and biosynthetic pathway (see fig 2B and 2C)
  • Figure 2B Biosynthetic (biochemical) pathway for example in Figure 2A

auxotrophic mutation      
‎ طَفْرَةٌ بعَاملٍ نَمائِيّ‎
extragenic         
  • date=31 December 2015 }}</ref>
  • Five types of chromosomal mutations
  • fitness]] of each mutant was compared with the ancestral type. A fitness of zero, less than one, one, more than one, respectively, indicates that mutations are lethal, deleterious, neutral, and advantageous.<ref name="Sanjuán04" />
  • A red [[tulip]] exhibiting a partially yellow petal due to a mutation in its genes
  • Types of small-scale mutations
  • This figure shows a simplified version of loss-of-function, switch-of-function, gain-of-function, and conservation-of-function mutations.
  • translational]] regulation of [[gene expression]].
  • Selection of disease-causing mutations, in a standard table of the [[genetic code]] of [[amino acid]]s<ref>References for the image are found in Wikimedia Commons page at: [[Commons:File:Notable mutations.svg#References]].</ref>
  • Point mutations classified by impact on protein
  • somatic]] mutation that may also be passed on in the [[germline]].
  • ''[[Prodryas persephone]]'', a Late [[Eocene]] butterfly
  • Mutation with double bloom in the Langheck Nature Reserve near [[Nittel]], Germany
CHANGE OF THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE GENOME OF AN ORGANISM
Mutations; Genetic mutation; Mutates; Mutate; Mutation and disease; Gene mutation; Loss-of-function mutation; Gain-of-function mutation; Neomorphic mutation; Antimorphic mutation; Amorphic mutation; Loss-of-function; Mutant allele; Genetic mutations; Conditional lethal mutation; Conditional mutation; Mutation event; Loss of function; Mutated; Spontaneous mutation; Mutant proteins; Nuclear mutation; Reversion (genetics); Genetic damage; DNA mutations; Chromosomal gain; Beneficial mutation; Acquired genetic mutation; Reverse mutation; Genetic changes; Mutating; Viral mutation; Backmutation; Back-mutation; Gene mutation analysis; Extragenic; Radiation genetics; Mutant Proteins; DNA error; In-frame mutation; In-frame deletion; DNA mutation; Mutational; Distribution of fitness effects; Types of mutation; Sporadic mutation; Harmful mutation; Deleterious mutation; Sport (genetics); Mutation (biology); Inactivating mutation; De novo mutations; Activating mutations; Mutant spectrum; Deformation (biology); Loss-of-function mutant; Gain of function mutation; Substitution (genetics); Loss of function mutation
خارِجَ الجين
MUTATING         
  • date=31 December 2015 }}</ref>
  • Five types of chromosomal mutations
  • fitness]] of each mutant was compared with the ancestral type. A fitness of zero, less than one, one, more than one, respectively, indicates that mutations are lethal, deleterious, neutral, and advantageous.<ref name="Sanjuán04" />
  • A red [[tulip]] exhibiting a partially yellow petal due to a mutation in its genes
  • Types of small-scale mutations
  • This figure shows a simplified version of loss-of-function, switch-of-function, gain-of-function, and conservation-of-function mutations.
  • translational]] regulation of [[gene expression]].
  • Selection of disease-causing mutations, in a standard table of the [[genetic code]] of [[amino acid]]s<ref>References for the image are found in Wikimedia Commons page at: [[Commons:File:Notable mutations.svg#References]].</ref>
  • Point mutations classified by impact on protein
  • somatic]] mutation that may also be passed on in the [[germline]].
  • ''[[Prodryas persephone]]'', a Late [[Eocene]] butterfly
  • Mutation with double bloom in the Langheck Nature Reserve near [[Nittel]], Germany
CHANGE OF THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE GENOME OF AN ORGANISM
Mutations; Genetic mutation; Mutates; Mutate; Mutation and disease; Gene mutation; Loss-of-function mutation; Gain-of-function mutation; Neomorphic mutation; Antimorphic mutation; Amorphic mutation; Loss-of-function; Mutant allele; Genetic mutations; Conditional lethal mutation; Conditional mutation; Mutation event; Loss of function; Mutated; Spontaneous mutation; Mutant proteins; Nuclear mutation; Reversion (genetics); Genetic damage; DNA mutations; Chromosomal gain; Beneficial mutation; Acquired genetic mutation; Reverse mutation; Genetic changes; Mutating; Viral mutation; Backmutation; Back-mutation; Gene mutation analysis; Extragenic; Radiation genetics; Mutant Proteins; DNA error; In-frame mutation; In-frame deletion; DNA mutation; Mutational; Distribution of fitness effects; Types of mutation; Sporadic mutation; Harmful mutation; Deleterious mutation; Sport (genetics); Mutation (biology); Inactivating mutation; De novo mutations; Activating mutations; Mutant spectrum; Deformation (biology); Loss-of-function mutant; Gain of function mutation; Substitution (genetics); Loss of function mutation

الفعل

بَدَّلَ ; تَغَيَّرَ

Definição

mutate
¦ verb undergo or cause to undergo mutation.
Derivatives
mutative adjective
mutator noun
Origin
C19: back-form. from mutation.
Mostrar mais definições

Wikipédia

Auxotrophy

Auxotrophy (Ancient Greek: αὐξάνω "to increase"; τροφή "nourishment") is the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth (as defined by IUPAC). An auxotroph is an organism that displays this characteristic; auxotrophic is the corresponding adjective. Auxotrophy is the opposite of prototrophy, which is characterized by the ability to synthesize all the compounds needed for growth.

Prototrophic cells (also referred to as the 'wild type') are self sufficient producers of all required metabolites (e.g. amino acids, lipids, cofactors), while auxotrophs require to be on medium with the metabolite that they cannot produce. For example saying a cell is methionine auxotrophic means that it would need to be on a medium containing methionine or else it would not be able to replicate. In this example this is because it is unable to produce its own methionine (methionine auxotroph). However, a prototroph or a methionine prototrophic cell would be able to function and replicate on a medium with or without methionine.

Replica plating is a technique that transfers colonies from one plate to another in the same spot as the last plate so the different media plates can be compared side by side. It is used to compare the growth of the same colonies on different plates of media to determine which environments the bacterial colony can or cannot grow in (this gives insight to possible auxotrophic characteristics. The method of replica plating implemented by Joshua Lederberg and Esther Lederberg included auxotrophs that were temperature-sensitive; that is, their ability to synthesize was temperature-dependent. (Auxotrophs are usually not temperature-dependent. They can also depend on other factors.) It is also possible that an organism is auxotrophic to more than just one organic compound that it requires for growth.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxotrophy
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