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trophic$85359$ - tradução para alemão
![The mean trophic level of the world fisheries catch has steadily declined because many high trophic level fish, such as this [[tuna]], have been [[overfished]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bluefin-big.jpg?width=200 "The mean trophic level of the world fisheries catch has steadily declined because many high trophic level fish, such as this [[tuna]], have been [[overfished]].")
![Consumer categories]] based on material eaten (plant: green shades are live, brown shades are dead; animal: red shades are live, purple shades are dead; or particulate: grey shades) and feeding strategy (gatherer: lighter shade of each color; miner: darker shade of each color)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ConsumerWikiPDiag.svg?width=200 "Consumer categories]] based on material eaten (plant: green shades are live, brown shades are dead; animal: red shades are live, purple shades are dead; or particulate: grey shades) and feeding strategy (gatherer: lighter shade of each color; miner: darker shade of each color)")
![biomass]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ecological Pyramid.svg?width=200 "biomass]].")
![Killer whales ([[orca]]) are [[apex predator]]s but they are divided into separate populations that hunt specific prey, such as tuna, small sharks, and seals.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orca porpoising.jpg?width=200 "Killer whales ([[orca]]) are [[apex predator]]s but they are divided into separate populations that hunt specific prey, such as tuna, small sharks, and seals.")
!['''Second trophic level'''[[Rabbit]]s eat plants at the first trophic level, so they are primary consumers.}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sylvilagus floridanus.jpg?width=200 "'''Second trophic level'''[[Rabbit]]s eat plants at the first trophic level, so they are primary consumers.}}")
!['''Third trophic level'''[[Fox]]es eat rabbits at the second trophic level, so they are secondary consumers.}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vulpes_vulpes_with_prey.jpg?width=200 "'''Third trophic level'''[[Fox]]es eat rabbits at the second trophic level, so they are secondary consumers.}}")
!['''Fourth trophic level'''[[Golden eagle]]s eat foxes at the third trophic level, so they are tertiary consumers.}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aquila_chrysaetos_1_(Bohuš_Číčel).jpg?width=200 "'''Fourth trophic level'''[[Golden eagle]]s eat foxes at the third trophic level, so they are tertiary consumers.}}")
!['''[[Decomposer]]s'''The fungi on this tree feed on dead matter, converting it back to nutrients that [[primary producer]]s can use.}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fungi in Borneo.jpg?width=200 "'''[[Decomposer]]s'''The fungi on this tree feed on dead matter, converting it back to nutrients that [[primary producer]]s can use.}}")
![Illustration of a range of ecological pyramids, including '''top''' pyramid of numbers, '''middle''' pyramid of biomass, and '''bottom''' pyramid of energy. The terrestrial forest (summer) and the [[English Channel]] ecosystems exhibit inverted pyramids.''Note:'' trophic levels are not drawn to scale and the pyramid of numbers excludes microorganisms and soil animals. ''Abbreviations:'' P=Producers, C1=Primary consumers, C2=Secondary consumers, C3=Tertiary consumers, S=Saprotrophs.<ref name="Odum05" />](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EcologicalPyramids.jpg?width=200 "Illustration of a range of ecological pyramids, including '''top''' pyramid of numbers, '''middle''' pyramid of biomass, and '''bottom''' pyramid of energy. The terrestrial forest (summer) and the [[English Channel]] ecosystems exhibit inverted pyramids.''Note:'' trophic levels are not drawn to scale and the pyramid of numbers excludes microorganisms and soil animals. ''Abbreviations:'' P=Producers, C1=Primary consumers, C2=Secondary consumers, C3=Tertiary consumers, S=Saprotrophs.<ref name=\"Odum05\" />")
![carcass]] in soil. This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/EnergyFlowFrog.jpg?width=200 "carcass]] in soil. This energy flow diagram illustrates how energy is lost as it fuels the metabolic process that transform the energy and nutrients into biomass.")
![Multitrophic interaction: ''[[Euphydryas editha taylori]]'' larvae sequester defensive compounds from specific types of plants they consume to protect themselves from bird predators](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Euphydryas editha taylori 2.jpg?width=200 "Multitrophic interaction: ''[[Euphydryas editha taylori]]'' larvae sequester defensive compounds from specific types of plants they consume to protect themselves from bird predators")
![A simplified version of a food web in the [[Gulf of Naples]] in eutrophic (Green) and oligotrophic (Blue) summer conditions. In the Green system state, both copepods and microzooplankton exert a strong grazing pressure on phytoplankton, while in the Blue state, copepods increase their predation over microzooplankton, which in turn shifts its predation from phytoplankton to bacterial plankton or picoplankton. These trophic mechanisms stabilize the delivery of organic matter from copepods to fish.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Food web in the Gulf of Naples in eutrophic and oligotrophic summer conditions - oo 297117.jpg?width=200 "A simplified version of a food web in the [[Gulf of Naples]] in eutrophic (Green) and oligotrophic (Blue) summer conditions. In the Green system state, both copepods and microzooplankton exert a strong grazing pressure on phytoplankton, while in the Blue state, copepods increase their predation over microzooplankton, which in turn shifts its predation from phytoplankton to bacterial plankton or picoplankton. These trophic mechanisms stabilize the delivery of organic matter from copepods to fish.")
Definição
Wikipédia
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food web starts at trophic level 1 with primary producers such as plants, can move to herbivores at level 2, carnivores at level 3 or higher, and typically finish with apex predators at level 4 or 5. The path along the chain can form either a one-way flow or a food "web". Ecological communities with higher biodiversity form more complex trophic paths.
The word trophic derives from the Greek τροφή (trophē) referring to food or nourishment.
