A synanthrope (from the Greek σύν syn, "together with" + ἄνθρωπος anthropos, "man") is an organism that lives near and benefits from humans and their environmental modifications (see anthropophilia).

Common synanthrope habitats include houses, gardens, farms, parks, roadsides and rubbish dumps.

The term synanthrope includes many species regarded as pests or weeds, but does not include domesticated animals.

Examples of synanthropes are various insect species (ants, lice, silverfish, cockroaches, etc.), house sparrows, rock doves (pigeons), crows, various rodent species, Virginia opossums, raccoons, certain monkey species, coyotes, deer, passerines, and other urban wildlife. Plants include Pineapple Weed, Dandelion, Chicory, and Plantain.

The brown rat is counted as one of the most prominent synanthropic animals and can be found in almost every place there are people.