refutable - definição. O que é refutable. Significado, conceito
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O que (quem) é refutable - definição

PROPERTY OF A THEORY/HYPOTHESIS/STATEMENT THAT CAN BE LOGICALLY CONTRADICTED BY AN EMPIRICAL TEST OR A FACT
Falsifiable; Falsify; Unfalsifiable; Logic of falsification; Unfalsifiability; Un-testable hypothesis; Untestable hypothesis; Non-falsifiable; Falsifiablity; Falsifability; Falsifying; Falsified; Refutability; Falsifiably; Refutable; Refutably; Falsifiabilities; Refutabilities; Falsification (Falsifiability); Principle of falsification; Nonfalsifiable; Nonfalsifiability; Falsifiability principle; Untestability; Denied falsifiability; Dogmatic falsificationism; Naive falsificationism; Sophisticated falsificationism; Irrefutable; Popper's criterion
  • Here are two [[black swan]]s, but even with no black swans to possibly falsify it, "All swans are white" would still be shown falsifiable by "Here is a black swan"—a black swan would still be a state of affairs, only an imaginary one.<ref name=Popperonstateofaffairs group="upper-alpha"/>
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refutable         
In lazy functional languages, a refutable pattern is one which may fail to match. An expression being matched against a refutable pattern is first evaluated to head normal form (which may fail to terminate) and then the top-level constructor of the result is compared with that of the pattern. If they are the same then any arguments are matched against the pattern's arguments otherwise the match fails. An irrefutable pattern is one which always matches. An attempt to evaluate any variable in the pattern forces the pattern to be matched as though it were refutable which may fail to match (resulting in an error) or fail to terminate. Patterns in Haskell are normally refutable but may be made irrefutable by prefixing them with a tilde (refutable). For example, ( (x,y) -> 1) undefined ==> undefined ( refutable(x,y) -> 1) undefined ==> 1 Patterns in Miranda are refutable, except for tuples which are irrefutable. Thus g [x] = 2 g undefined ==> undefined f (x,y) = 1 f undefined ==> 1 Pattern bindings in local definitions are irrefutable in both languages: h = 1 where [x] = undefined ==> 1 Irrefutable patterns can be used to simulate unlifted products because they effectively ignore the top-level constructor of the expression being matched and consider only its components.
Refutable         
·adj Admitting of being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous.
irrefutable         
[?'r?fj?t?b(?)l, ??r?'fju:-]
¦ adjective impossible to deny or disprove.
Derivatives
irrefutability noun
irrefutably adverb

Wikipédia

Falsifiability

Falsifiability is a deductive standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses, introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934). A theory or hypothesis is falsifiable (or refutable) if it can be logically contradicted by an empirical test.

Popper proposed falsifiability as the cornerstone solution to both the problem of induction and the problem of demarcation. He insisted that, as a logical criterion, falsifiability is distinct from the related concept "capacity to be proven wrong" discussed in Lakatos' falsificationism. Even being a logical criterion, its purpose is to make the theory predictive and testable, and thus useful in practice.

Popper contrasted falsifiability to the intuitively similar concept of verifiability that was then current in logical positivism. His argument goes that the only way to verify a claim such as "All swans are white" would be if one could theoretically observe all swans, which is not possible. Instead, falsifiability searches for the anomalous instance, such that observing a single black swan is theoretically reasonable and sufficient to logically falsify the claim. On the other hand, the Duhem–Quine thesis says that definitive experimental falsifications are impossible and that no scientific hypothesis is by itself capable of making predictions, because an empirical test of the hypothesis requires one or more background assumptions.

According to Popper there is a clean asymmetry on the logical side and falsifiability does not have the Duhem problem because it is a logical criterion. Experimental research has the Duhem problem and other problems, such as induction, but, according to Popper, statistical tests, which are only possible when a theory is falsifiable, can still be useful within a critical discussion. Philosophers such as Deborah Mayo consider that Popper "comes up short" in his description of the scientific role of statistical and data models.

As a key notion in the separation of science from non-science and pseudoscience, falsifiability has featured prominently in many scientific controversies and applications, even being used as legal precedent.

Exemplos do corpo de texto para refutable
1. Goldberg describes Boehner‘s characterization of the interview as "mendacious, duplicitous, gross and comically refutable." The Republicans rightly slammed Obama for twisting John McCain‘s statements about a possible U.S. military presence in Iraq for 100 years into a willingness to wage "a 100–year war." But they seem to have little compunction about resorting to the same kind of textual manipulation, when the opportunity arises.
2. Kara said he was sorry to have had to kill the bear, establishing a refutable correlation between Turkish soldiers slain by the outlawed terrorist Kurdistan Workers‘ Party (PKK). «Associations do not issue statements condemning the PKK when our sons are martyred by the PKK.
3. If "qualification" was indeed the factor taken into account when filling the cabinet positions for the GOSS then Kiir should have good reason to be confident in those he nominated for starting up and running our newly created ministries and Southern Sudanese should also have good reasons to believe that help is on the way in terms of a working healthcare system, a network of roads across the entire southern Sudan, a credible financial system, a highly refutable criminal Justice system, etc.