Difference Engine - определение. Что такое Difference Engine
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Что (кто) такое Difference Engine - определение

AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL CALCULATOR DESIGNED TO TABULATE POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
Difference Engine; Scheutzian calculation engine; Clockwork computer; Method of finite differences; Difference machine; Difference Engine Number II; Difference Engine Number Two; Difference Engine Num. Two; Difference Engine Num. II; Difference Engine No. II; Difference Engine No. Two; Difference Engine Two; Difference Engine II; Difference Engine 2; Difference Engine Num. 2; Difference Engine Number 2; Difference Engine No. 2; Difference Engine No 2; Calculating engine; Calculating Engine
  • Science Museum]]'s difference engine, the first one actually built from Babbage's design. The design has the same precision on all columns, but in calculating polynomials, the precision on the higher-order columns could be lower.
  • The Mountain View machine in action
  • Fully operational difference engine at the [[Computer History Museum]] in [[Mountain View, California]]
  • Per Georg Scheutz's third difference engine
  • Closeup of the London Science Museum's difference engine showing some of the number wheels and the sector gears between columns. The sector gears on the left show the double-high teeth very clearly. The sector gears on the middle-right are facing the back side of the engine, but the single-high teeth are clearly visible. Notice how the wheels are mirrored, with counting up from left-to-right, or counting down from left-to-right. Also notice the metal tab between "6" and "7". That tab trips the carry lever in the back when "9" passes to "0" in the front during the add steps (Step 1 and Step 3).

Difference Engine         
<computer, history> Charles Babbage's design for the first automatic mechanical calculator. The Difference Engine was a special purpose device intended for the production of mathematical tables. Babbage started work on the Difference Engine in 1823 with funding from the British Government. Only one-seventh of the complete engine, about 2000 parts, was built in 1832 by Babbage's engineer, Joseph Clement. This was demonstrated successfully by Babbage and still works perfectly. The engine was never completed and most of the 12,000 parts manufactured were later melted for scrap. It was left to Georg and Edvard Schuetz to construct the first working devices to the same design which were successful in limited applications. The Difference Engine No. 2 was finally completed in 1991 at the Science Museum, London, UK and is on display there. The engine used gears to compute cumulative sums in a series of registers: r[i] := r[i] + r[i+1]. However, the addition had the side effect of zeroing r[i+1]. Babbage overcame this by simultaneously copying r[i+1] to a temporary register during the addition and then copying it back to r[i+1] at the end of each cycle (each turn of a handle). {Difference Engine at the Science Museum (http://nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/plan/2ndcomp.htm#babbage)}. (1997-09-29)
Difference engine         
A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was first created by Charles Babbage.
Just-noticeable difference         
AMOUNT THAT A STIMULUS MUST BE CHANGED TO BE DETECTED
Jnd; Differential threshold; Difference threshold; Just-noticable difference; Difference limen; Just noticeable difference; Just noticeable differences
In the branch of experimental psychology focused on sense, sensation, and perception, which is called psychophysics, a just-noticeable difference or JND is the amount something must be changed in order for a difference to be noticeable, detectable at least half the time (absolute threshold). This limen is also known as the difference limen, difference threshold, or least perceptible difference.

Википедия

Difference engine

A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was first created by Charles Babbage. The name, the difference engine, is derived from the method of divided differences, a way to interpolate or tabulate functions by using a small set of polynomial co-efficients. Some of the most common mathematical functions used in engineering, science and navigation, are built from logarithmic and trigonometric functions, which can be approximated by polynomials, so a difference engine can compute many useful tables of numbers.

Примеры употребления для Difference Engine
1. His Wall Street bomb was the culmination of a half-century of anarchist fantasies about avenging angels made of dynamite; but it was also an invention, like Charles Babbages difference engine, far ahead of the imagination of its time.
2. His Wall Street bomb was the culmination of a half–century of anarchist fantasies about avenging angels made of dynamite; but it was also an invention, like Charles Babbage‘s difference engine, far ahead of the imagination of its time.